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Well, guys,

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you have picked the coolest

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independent activities period class you

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could ever do with ground school. This

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is the most awesome thing possible when

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I saw the course offerings. So, kudos to

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Tina and Phil for teaching this. This is

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a good good gig.

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Uh I go by Laz. It's a fighter pilot

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thing. All fighter pilots have call

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signs.

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Um they're not like what you see in the

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movies. By the way, Top Gun is the worst

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movie for any fighter pilot to watch.

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It's terrible. Drives you crazy. No one

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is called Maverick because they're the

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most awesome thing on the face of the

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planet. Never happens that way. Uh

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you're always named for something silly.

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So, the previous discussion about uh

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crew resource management, if you're

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single seat, you still have air traffic

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control, you have other guys. Uh I am

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living proof that that's 100% true. So,

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I won't get into it too much, but

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suffice to say if you know the biblical

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story of Lazarus, you know a lot about

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how I got my name and I'll leave it at

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that. Normally, that's over a beer

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afterwards. So, we're here to talk about

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uh F-22 flight control stuff. I'm going

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to give you the the punchline right at

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the start. I'm here to tell you that

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everything you're learning So, who who's

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actually flown airplanes here already?

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Like sailplanes. So, a lot of guys,

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right? So, a lot of guys So, first time

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then for probably the other half of the

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class or so. Uh so, here's what I'm here

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to tell you. The same stuff that you're

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learning with respect to Cessnas and all

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the stuff with respect to the ground

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school, um there's no difference

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between this and between my beloved

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Raptor. It's the same thing. So, there's

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great relevance. And you as MIT guys

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have the ability to derive and figure

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out what makes the Raptor look the way

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that it does and we can talk a lot about

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the flight controls. It's not cosmic. We

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can go through that.

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So, with that, uh they always have the

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standard personal background slide. Um

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here's here's the gig. I'll keep it

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really simple. I am a test pilot. Uh

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which means I am a fighter pilot and I'm

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also an engineer. It means I like Beavis

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and Butt-Head greatly and I read Carl

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Sagan. It's the same thing to me. Uh so,

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as a fighter test pilot, you live in the

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world of being a fighter pilot, uh but

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you also have the ability to understand

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MATLAB and to be able to do cool neat

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MIT-ish kind of things because all of

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the stuff that you're working with as a

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test pilot are brand new things. Uh new

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weapons, new avionics, new airplanes in

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some cases. And that's not the world of

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a fighter pilot. Fighter pilots are

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exceptionally good at taking this

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airplane to combat and doing the normal

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kind of missions with it, but when

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there's something new on board, that

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requires an engineer. So, uh I have a

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deep deep connection with this

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institution. I graduated here finished

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up here last year in 2018 and then a

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whole bunch of other kind of funky stuff

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along the way.

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Uh two combat tours. Uh that was a lot

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of fun. I'll tell you flying is one of

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my great passions. Flying and getting

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shot at and missed is my second great

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passion. That's much cooler. Um and then

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when you can fly and you can use that

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airplane to actually protect people from

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bad guys, that's that's that's life

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fulfilling, right? To go get a chance to

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go do that. So, we can talk a little bit

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more through that as well. Um test

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pilot, we get a chance to fly a lot of

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different stuff. So, you'll see this uh

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76 different airplanes. Uh that might

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sound weird to kind of the rest of the

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world, but in the world of flight test,

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that's pretty normal. And the reason

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that's there is it's just like like So,

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I By the way, warning, right? To the

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class. I I talk a lot in terms of

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movies, right? Game of Thrones shows or

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whatever television shows and sports

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because no matter where you come from,

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those three topics always tend to bring

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everybody all together. So, it is just

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like what you've, you know, when you've

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gone car shopping and you sit in this

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car and go, "Ah, man, I really like this

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way the steering wheel feels, but I hate

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the way the radio is set up." And you go

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to another car and you go, "Ah, man,

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this is great from a, you know, from the

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sunroof or whatever, but this stinks."

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Uh that same kind of the discernment

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that you have when you're shopping for

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cars, you know, that this airplane is a

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couple hundred million dollars. You

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don't want to be wrong about that. And

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so, you want your test pilots very very

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experienced in a lot of different

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airplanes. So, I've got a chance to fly

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helicopters. Spectacular. In pilot

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training, I don't know why, but we send

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our worst pilot training students to

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helicopters. It's the dumbest idea

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because helicopters are really really

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challenging to go fly. Um but we've had

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a chance to fly helicopters. Your

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discussion, Tina, earlier about right

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away, I was laughing with that cuz I've

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flown a zeppelin uh an airship. It It's

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quite spectacular. It's a big lazy boy

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couch

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uh with a big trim wheel and big engines

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that actually pivot on the outside so

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you can turn the whole ship based on

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that. Um that's pretty normal for for

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being a test pilot is getting a chance

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to fly a lot of different airplanes more

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so than just one particular airplane

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your whole life. Most of my stuff is in

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fighters.

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Um so, I've flown every frontline

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fighter with the exception of the F-35.

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Hopefully, I'll fix that soon shortly in

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a few months.

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Um but a lot of stuff. So, MIT guy,

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Harvard guy, uh did some stuff. It's

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it's been a good life. Um really at the

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end of the day, what I want to impress

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on you is uh I am 100% zero different

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from anybody in this room. I just have

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more battle scars on me just from a

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lifetime of doing this. Uh I started off

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flying Cessnas. I did that for several

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years in my life. I still do it. I um

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love it. Fly sailplanes. Still do it.

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Love it.

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Uh and all the stuff that you learn with

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this has direct applicability to the

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more advanced fighter airplanes. In

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fact, I'll tell you, this is actually

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harder to fly than the Raptor. And we'll

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talk a little bit more about that as we

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go through. All right. So, more fun and

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games. All right. So, now comes the

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class participation part. Uh my my talks

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are very interactive. I love to kind of

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hear what you guys think. So, we'll do a

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quick thought exercise. I'll try and

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keep a mental note cuz I stink at

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writing on a chalkboard.

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Um but we'll chat through this. Just so

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you can understand that there's really

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not that much difference from what

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you're learning now to go off to do

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something like that. So, why does a

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Cessna look the way that it does? And

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why does a Raptor look the way that it

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does? What were the engineers trying to

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do? And just just call them out. You

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know where we're going. Guys, just

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shoot.

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Is it related to the Raptor? Okay, so

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explain. Um you have um way more area

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that's clear. The wings are uh swept

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back and are kind of below you in the

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back so you can go. Yeah. See over

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there, right? So, you you've brought up

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two things. One is the position of the

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wings, right? So, in a Cessna,

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uh the wings are obviously

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Well, in a lot of airplanes really, not

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just Cessnas, but in a Cessna, the wings

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are directly above you. Big Hershey bar

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wing. You know, why do they put the

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wings this way in a Cessna?

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You're You're doing great so far. Keep

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going, man. I'm I'm going to answer

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that. Get get in or out of a Cirrus in

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the heavy rain and you will immediately

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see the value of that Cessna wing. Yeah.

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They did this so that my wife doesn't

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yell at me in bad weather conditions so

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that you can get inside the airplane

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without getting completely wet. The

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other part about the high wing is it's

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great for visibility. Looking down,

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right? Um where this is terrible is if

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you're turning and you have to be able

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to see through the wing because you're

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kind of doing the old, you know, looking

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over the side to see uh kind of out the

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outside. So, that's one advantage,

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right? Of where Raptor, right? It's not

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a high wing or it's kind of like a mid

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wing, if you will, but that wing is well

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after the cockpit for what reason?

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Visibility? Yeah.

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That's that's the big huge reason why.

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And then you also brought up the idea of

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the swept wings.

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All right. Uh why the swept wings

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compared to, say, straight wings?

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Um well, when they have an aerodynamic

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advantage. Okay. What's that What's

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What's that advantage? Um

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something about um

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You got a winglet or like wingtip

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vortices?

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Close.

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Close. I'll I'll I'll stop picking on

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you because you're a bold and went

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first. Go ahead.

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Yeah, Mach. So, so explain Mach.

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Uh fast Closer you get to the speed of

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sound, more compressibility is

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important. Yep. Uh aerodynamically, the

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wing really behaves

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like it's going at the speed normal to

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the leading edge.

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Yeah. So, you ever you ever see those

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old like the first jet airplanes that

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came out? Um the wings on the jet

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airplanes had wings that looked exactly

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like this.

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Um and that was a problem. I'm going to

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do something I thought I wouldn't try to

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do, but I'll try to do it. So, here's

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your swept wing, right? Here's the air

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as it comes over the wing.

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Right? And then what ends up happening

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is uh really what you care about is the

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air that's going over top of the wing

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that's normal to the chord line of the

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wing itself. You know what I mean when I

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say chord? Right? Just like this

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imaginary line. So, on a Hershey bar

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wing, all of that air hits the wing and

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it goes directly over top of that chord

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line of the wing. So, like when we

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talked about over here, the wings have

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camber.

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So, what happens to the air as it goes

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00:08:31,279 --> 00:08:35,038
over top of any wing? Doesn't matter if

265
00:08:33,759 --> 00:08:36,439
it's a fighter wing or whatever else.

266
00:08:35,038 --> 00:08:38,879
But what what happens to the velocity of

267
00:08:36,440 --> 00:08:40,520
the air as it goes over top?

268
00:08:38,879 --> 00:08:43,080
Goes faster, right? So, if I'm already

269
00:08:40,519 --> 00:08:45,199
going fast and air hits my wing and goes

270
00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:47,040
over top of my wing and goes faster than

271
00:08:45,200 --> 00:08:48,879
the rest of the airplane, uh that's

272
00:08:47,039 --> 00:08:51,079
going to cause a problem when you get to

273
00:08:48,879 --> 00:08:52,240
very high speeds approaching Mach cuz

274
00:08:51,080 --> 00:08:54,440
what ends up happening is you'll you'll

275
00:08:52,240 --> 00:08:55,759
get a shock wave forming on that wing.

276
00:08:54,440 --> 00:08:57,560
And the moment you get a shock wave

277
00:08:55,759 --> 00:09:00,279
forming there, that's like a big brick

278
00:08:57,559 --> 00:09:02,039
wall to the to the wind and that causes

279
00:09:00,279 --> 00:09:03,679
all types of drag downstream, slows down

280
00:09:02,039 --> 00:09:05,159
the airplane, all types of things. So,

281
00:09:03,679 --> 00:09:07,719
what they found is I can sweep the wing,

282
00:09:05,159 --> 00:09:09,639
right? When I sweep the wing, some of

283
00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:11,080
that air is normal to the chord line.

284
00:09:09,639 --> 00:09:12,279
So, if this is like the fuselage over

285
00:09:11,080 --> 00:09:14,480
here and here's the wing and it comes

286
00:09:12,279 --> 00:09:16,079
back over here. Um some of that air is

287
00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:17,879
going to be that way and some of that

288
00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:18,560
air is going to actually go out and go

289
00:09:17,879 --> 00:09:21,039
uh

290
00:09:18,559 --> 00:09:22,319
go spanwise, if you will, like this. So,

291
00:09:21,039 --> 00:09:24,000
I'm trying to draw this correctly to get

292
00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:26,280
the to get the right angles, but you you

293
00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:28,000
kind of get my point. So, some of that

294
00:09:26,279 --> 00:09:29,120
air goes spanwise.

295
00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:31,039
Some of the reason why you have wing

296
00:09:29,120 --> 00:09:31,960
winglets, right? To present prevent some

297
00:09:31,039 --> 00:09:33,039
of that drag that happens at the

298
00:09:31,960 --> 00:09:34,400
winglet. But then also, what you're

299
00:09:33,039 --> 00:09:35,919
worried about is rather than the full

300
00:09:34,399 --> 00:09:38,039
component of this wind, you're only

301
00:09:35,919 --> 00:09:39,279
worried about the wind that's normal to

302
00:09:38,039 --> 00:09:40,480
the flow

303
00:09:39,279 --> 00:09:42,039
of the way the chord line is set up. So,

304
00:09:40,480 --> 00:09:43,360
that's why they sweep the wings, right?

305
00:09:42,039 --> 00:09:45,000
Okay, so what else?

306
00:09:43,360 --> 00:09:47,759
Why does a Cessna look this way? Why

307
00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:48,320
does this look like that? Go ahead.

308
00:09:47,759 --> 00:09:49,720
Uh

309
00:09:48,320 --> 00:09:50,400
yeah, go ahead. Both.

310
00:09:49,720 --> 00:09:52,240
Uh

311
00:09:50,399 --> 00:09:53,919
stealth and payload and armor. Okay, so

312
00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:55,080
stealth. Payload is an important thing.

313
00:09:53,919 --> 00:09:56,439
Let's talk about the payload for a

314
00:09:55,080 --> 00:09:58,800
second. Actually, we'll talk about

315
00:09:56,440 --> 00:10:00,920
stealth since you brought it up. Um so

316
00:09:58,799 --> 00:10:04,679
look at that plan form and what do you

317
00:10:00,919 --> 00:10:04,679
notice with regards to stealth?

318
00:10:05,120 --> 00:10:10,879
All angles. All angles, right? That

319
00:10:07,639 --> 00:10:13,240
angle, that angle, that angle. No right

320
00:10:10,879 --> 00:10:15,919
angles. Yeah, no right angles. So the

321
00:10:13,240 --> 00:10:18,799
reason is and I'll do

322
00:10:15,919 --> 00:10:19,759
my high-tech pizza, you know, aid here,

323
00:10:18,799 --> 00:10:22,359
right?

324
00:10:19,759 --> 00:10:24,600
So who's who's EE in here? Anyone EE

325
00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:26,080
from MIT? Okay. So if you're a beam of

326
00:10:24,600 --> 00:10:29,200
radar energy,

327
00:10:26,080 --> 00:10:31,160
you love this, right? You love when you

328
00:10:29,200 --> 00:10:33,040
have a nice flat thing directly to

329
00:10:31,159 --> 00:10:36,000
reflect so all that radar energy you put

330
00:10:33,039 --> 00:10:38,719
at me goes right back at you, right? Now

331
00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:41,000
what happens if I take that panel and I

332
00:10:38,720 --> 00:10:42,600
go like this a little bit, right? So

333
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:44,000
yeah, there's not so much. Now I'll

334
00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:46,320
really mess with your mind. What happens

335
00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:47,759
if I do that, right? And now you have to

336
00:10:46,320 --> 00:10:49,600
start dealing with angles and edges,

337
00:10:47,759 --> 00:10:53,039
right? Um

338
00:10:49,600 --> 00:10:55,680
Raptor is this constant fight between

339
00:10:53,039 --> 00:10:56,919
the EE guys and the aeronautical

340
00:10:55,679 --> 00:10:58,279
engineers.

341
00:10:56,919 --> 00:10:59,679
Um when you make an airplane like this

342
00:10:58,279 --> 00:11:00,879
and you make angles like this and you

343
00:10:59,679 --> 00:11:02,159
make it there's no right angles or

344
00:11:00,879 --> 00:11:04,200
whatever else like that, you're exactly

345
00:11:02,159 --> 00:11:05,838
right. It greatly reduces the stealth.

346
00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:07,320
Now this is not Wonder Woman's airplane.

347
00:11:05,839 --> 00:11:09,320
It's not like you just become invisible

348
00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:12,040
and no one can see you. Um but it's very

349
00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:13,640
very hard to see uh on radar. Um but

350
00:11:12,039 --> 00:11:15,039
there's a challenge in that because when

351
00:11:13,639 --> 00:11:18,080
you make an airplane that looks like

352
00:11:15,039 --> 00:11:20,759
this, which the EE guys tend to like,

353
00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:23,280
the aero engineer guys tend to hate

354
00:11:20,759 --> 00:11:25,360
because it makes the airplane unstable.

355
00:11:23,279 --> 00:11:28,079
Uh so we'll talk about that. Um this

356
00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:29,600
airplane very very stable, very very

357
00:11:28,080 --> 00:11:31,360
stable. Okay, what else? Couple other

358
00:11:29,600 --> 00:11:32,600
things. So why does a Raptor look this

359
00:11:31,360 --> 00:11:35,879
way?

360
00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:35,879
Why does a Cessna look this way?

361
00:11:35,919 --> 00:11:39,719
Go ahead. Uh I feel like the Cessna is

362
00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:40,838
designed to be produced with cheap

363
00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,279
commodity materials.

364
00:11:40,839 --> 00:11:45,560
Yep. The Raptor probably uses exotic

365
00:11:43,279 --> 00:11:47,240
metals, exotic metals. Yep.

366
00:11:45,559 --> 00:11:49,399
Titanium, whole types of stuff, right?

367
00:11:47,240 --> 00:11:50,759
So this is an airplane people buy

368
00:11:49,399 --> 00:11:52,519
commercially.

369
00:11:50,759 --> 00:11:54,639
If you had if you were Jeff Bezos, you

370
00:11:52,519 --> 00:11:56,919
would never purchase this airplane.

371
00:11:54,639 --> 00:11:59,679
Cuz it is hyper expensive. Um

372
00:11:56,919 --> 00:12:01,039
my jets were test jets, uh which means

373
00:11:59,679 --> 00:12:04,679
they were very different, almost like

374
00:12:01,039 --> 00:12:07,360
hand-built custom F-22s. Each one

375
00:12:04,679 --> 00:12:08,959
3 to 400 million dollars a piece. Uh

376
00:12:07,360 --> 00:12:11,240
scary, right? In terms of how much it

377
00:12:08,960 --> 00:12:12,920
actually costs. Uh the canopy on this

378
00:12:11,240 --> 00:12:15,480
thing probably worth more than about 10

379
00:12:12,919 --> 00:12:16,838
of these kind of all put together.

380
00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:18,320
Um the payload part, you brought up

381
00:12:16,839 --> 00:12:20,120
payload, too. So the other part about

382
00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:22,400
the stealth, if you can see here, I've

383
00:12:20,120 --> 00:12:24,679
got doors. So there's a big main weapon

384
00:12:22,399 --> 00:12:26,079
bay door, big 17-ft doors, if you will,

385
00:12:24,679 --> 00:12:28,599
and then there's doors on the side that

386
00:12:26,080 --> 00:12:30,160
come open here. Um

387
00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:31,320
Unlike a Cessna, I mean we talked about

388
00:12:30,159 --> 00:12:32,879
you can Where'd Tina go? Oh, she

389
00:12:31,320 --> 00:12:34,839
disappeared. The dropped object,

390
00:12:32,879 --> 00:12:37,360
dropping pumpkins? Uh my pumpkins are

391
00:12:34,839 --> 00:12:38,760
1,000 lb, uh come off the airplane just

392
00:12:37,360 --> 00:12:40,440
like that, uh different missiles and

393
00:12:38,759 --> 00:12:42,000
different bombs or whatever. The center

394
00:12:40,440 --> 00:12:44,160
of gravity of the airplane is right

395
00:12:42,000 --> 00:12:45,799
about where my finger is. And so I have

396
00:12:44,159 --> 00:12:47,000
these weapons that are here that when I

397
00:12:45,799 --> 00:12:49,319
release them, it's suddenly like

398
00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:51,320
dropping a car off the front end of your

399
00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:54,080
airplane. And so there's a huge center

400
00:12:51,320 --> 00:12:55,560
of gravity shift that happens

401
00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:57,280
just like that. And so the flight

402
00:12:55,559 --> 00:12:58,959
controls need to be able to compensate

403
00:12:57,279 --> 00:13:00,439
for something like that. Last piece I'll

404
00:12:58,960 --> 00:13:01,920
give you just for sake of time is what's

405
00:13:00,440 --> 00:13:05,720
the speed envelope, if you will, that

406
00:13:01,919 --> 00:13:05,719
this airplane kind of operates.

407
00:13:07,039 --> 00:13:11,838
What's that?

408
00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:13,280
Oh, I wish 200. Man, I wish 200. I would

409
00:13:11,839 --> 00:13:15,680
buy one right now if I could go 200 in

410
00:13:13,279 --> 00:13:15,679
this thing.

411
00:13:16,080 --> 00:13:21,160
160. Yeah, I mean on a good day, right?

412
00:13:19,879 --> 00:13:22,559
You might get you know, if you were to

413
00:13:21,159 --> 00:13:25,639
get a really really high-end general

414
00:13:22,559 --> 00:13:26,799
aviation airplane, 160 knots or so

415
00:13:25,639 --> 00:13:27,960
something like that. You can get more

416
00:13:26,799 --> 00:13:30,639
than that, but then you start getting to

417
00:13:27,960 --> 00:13:32,360
some real like Mercedes-Benz exotic

418
00:13:30,639 --> 00:13:34,000
class kind of general aviation airplanes

419
00:13:32,360 --> 00:13:35,720
that are like the Cirrus

420
00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:37,240
that go beyond there. Um in general,

421
00:13:35,720 --> 00:13:39,600
you're talking somewhere between 80 and

422
00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:42,000
about 140, 150 for most of them or

423
00:13:39,600 --> 00:13:43,759
something like that. Uh this airplane,

424
00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:47,480
if believe it or not, this airplane can

425
00:13:43,759 --> 00:13:49,759
actually fly as slow as the Cessna. But

426
00:13:47,480 --> 00:13:50,839
it also can fly two times the speed of

427
00:13:49,759 --> 00:13:52,360
sound.

428
00:13:50,839 --> 00:13:54,600
Um and it does that pretty easily,

429
00:13:52,360 --> 00:13:57,240
believe it or not. Um also this

430
00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:58,200
airplane, um 60° of bank starts to get

431
00:13:57,240 --> 00:14:00,240
really extreme, a little bit

432
00:13:58,200 --> 00:14:02,280
uncomfortable. This airplane

433
00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:04,000
fully aerobatic, doesn't care, pulls 9

434
00:14:02,279 --> 00:14:06,079
Gs. You guys know what Gs are? The

435
00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:08,360
accelerations of gravity. So everything,

436
00:14:06,080 --> 00:14:09,879
you know, my human head, well, MIT MIT

437
00:14:08,360 --> 00:14:12,240
heads weigh about 20 lb or so, a little

438
00:14:09,879 --> 00:14:13,838
bit more than the than the norm. So at 9

439
00:14:12,240 --> 00:14:16,919
Gs, everything on your body weighs nine

440
00:14:13,839 --> 00:14:18,240
times as much. So that's 180 lb with

441
00:14:16,919 --> 00:14:19,679
your neck has to be able to support

442
00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:21,480
that. Imagine everything on this

443
00:14:19,679 --> 00:14:23,838
airplane has to be stressed such that it

444
00:14:21,480 --> 00:14:26,159
can tolerate that load and more. Also

445
00:14:23,839 --> 00:14:28,000
can go negative G as well. Uh

446
00:14:26,159 --> 00:14:31,799
altitude-wise, I think the highest I've

447
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:33,519
ever had a Cessna was about 14,000 ft

448
00:14:31,799 --> 00:14:34,838
and it was wheezing. I mean it was

449
00:14:33,519 --> 00:14:37,679
really really hard for it to get up

450
00:14:34,839 --> 00:14:40,480
there. Uh this airplane goes 0 ft all

451
00:14:37,679 --> 00:14:42,838
the way up to about 60 to 65,000 ft. So

452
00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:44,720
it flies twice as high of what you would

453
00:14:42,839 --> 00:14:46,640
see on your commercial airliners. What

454
00:14:44,720 --> 00:14:49,160
I'm trying to impress on you is it's a

455
00:14:46,639 --> 00:14:51,639
huge flight envelope with a very

456
00:14:49,159 --> 00:14:52,838
different solution set

457
00:14:51,639 --> 00:14:54,639
um compared to what you might have on a

458
00:14:52,839 --> 00:14:57,120
Cessna. The only other thing I would say

459
00:14:54,639 --> 00:14:58,519
with Raptor is uh this was something

460
00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:00,600
that took me a while. My first combat

461
00:14:58,519 --> 00:15:03,000
mission, I really understood this.

462
00:15:00,600 --> 00:15:04,800
Uh in a Cessna, if I have a problem,

463
00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:06,720
I can land and most likely people will

464
00:15:04,799 --> 00:15:08,399
come out to help me and call home and

465
00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:10,000
let everybody know I'm okay.

466
00:15:08,399 --> 00:15:11,319
Uh in bad guy land,

467
00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:12,720
uh if people are coming to get me,

468
00:15:11,320 --> 00:15:13,680
they're they really are coming to get

469
00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:15,959
me.

470
00:15:13,679 --> 00:15:17,919
Uh so you're in very hostile territory

471
00:15:15,958 --> 00:15:19,838
where you do not want to leave the

472
00:15:17,919 --> 00:15:22,279
airplane if you can avoid it. So there's

473
00:15:19,839 --> 00:15:24,200
a tremendous amount of redundancy that's

474
00:15:22,279 --> 00:15:25,240
kind of built into this airplane. Uh

475
00:15:24,200 --> 00:15:27,400
we'll talk more through that a little

476
00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:30,079
bit. So anyway, um you've essentially

477
00:15:27,399 --> 00:15:31,759
derived all of the challenges that a

478
00:15:30,078 --> 00:15:34,599
flight control engineer would have to

479
00:15:31,759 --> 00:15:34,600
deal with. um

480
00:15:35,879 --> 00:15:40,480
I'll put this here just for sake of

481
00:15:37,200 --> 00:15:41,640
making it easy to rest.

482
00:15:40,480 --> 00:15:43,399
This airplane has what's called

483
00:15:41,639 --> 00:15:45,958
reversible flight control system. What

484
00:15:43,399 --> 00:15:45,958
does that mean?

485
00:15:46,078 --> 00:15:49,399
You guys talked about that yet? Go

486
00:15:46,919 --> 00:15:50,639
ahead. It means you It's basically

487
00:15:49,399 --> 00:15:52,399
cables or when you move

488
00:15:50,639 --> 00:15:53,480
Yep. say the direction of the ailerons.

489
00:15:52,399 --> 00:15:54,639
Yep. So not only when you move the

490
00:15:53,480 --> 00:15:56,000
stick. What happens if you go outside

491
00:15:54,639 --> 00:15:57,480
the airplane, grab the aileron, move

492
00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:58,360
that up and down? What happens inside?

493
00:15:57,480 --> 00:16:01,079
The stick moves, right? So it's

494
00:15:58,360 --> 00:16:02,440
reversible, right? So I move the stick

495
00:16:01,078 --> 00:16:04,439
and the flight control surfaces will

496
00:16:02,440 --> 00:16:06,240
deflect or I move the flight control

497
00:16:04,440 --> 00:16:07,959
surfaces and the stick will deflect. So

498
00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:11,159
they are directly connected with pulleys

499
00:16:07,958 --> 00:16:12,519
and cables to one another. Um

500
00:16:11,159 --> 00:16:14,199
For the guys who have flown, what does

501
00:16:12,519 --> 00:16:17,600
the airplane feel like when you get to

502
00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:18,839
100, 120, 130, 140 mph? I mean you're

503
00:16:17,600 --> 00:16:21,399
really getting What what what does it

504
00:16:18,839 --> 00:16:22,680
feel like on the control surfaces?

505
00:16:21,399 --> 00:16:23,879
Yeah, lots. It gets heavy, right? It

506
00:16:22,679 --> 00:16:25,559
gets real stick kind of heavy. Same

507
00:16:23,879 --> 00:16:27,000
thing if you're slow, everything gets

508
00:16:25,559 --> 00:16:29,159
kind of sloppy, if you will, and very

509
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:31,360
cuz you are directly feeling the air

510
00:16:29,159 --> 00:16:34,439
loads on the airplane as transmitted to

511
00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:36,320
the stick. Um in this airplane,

512
00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:38,120
uh these flight control surfaces, this

513
00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:40,040
this tail surface back here is about the

514
00:16:38,120 --> 00:16:41,919
size of a lot of fighter wings. It's

515
00:16:40,039 --> 00:16:44,319
huge. Um

516
00:16:41,919 --> 00:16:46,319
and you can imagine at 120, 130, the

517
00:16:44,320 --> 00:16:48,640
airplane's really hard to really move.

518
00:16:46,320 --> 00:16:50,320
Well, what happens if you're going 1,000

519
00:16:48,639 --> 00:16:51,679
mph? Um you could be Arnold

520
00:16:50,320 --> 00:16:53,959
Schwarzenegger, you do not have the

521
00:16:51,679 --> 00:16:56,159
strength to maneuver these controls

522
00:16:53,958 --> 00:16:59,239
around. So this airplane has a very very

523
00:16:56,159 --> 00:17:00,919
exotic hydraulic system and an computer

524
00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:02,919
system and an electric system that

525
00:17:00,919 --> 00:17:04,319
allows all that to operate. From the

526
00:17:02,919 --> 00:17:08,599
hydraulics, I'm not kidding, there's

527
00:17:04,319 --> 00:17:10,678
like 4,000 PSI of hydraulic fluid uh

528
00:17:08,599 --> 00:17:12,399
that moves this whole thing around,

529
00:17:10,679 --> 00:17:14,439
swings it back and forth.

530
00:17:12,400 --> 00:17:16,280
Um from the electric standpoint, now

531
00:17:14,439 --> 00:17:18,160
again, this is a reversible flight

532
00:17:16,279 --> 00:17:19,720
control system, all manual. Um the

533
00:17:18,160 --> 00:17:21,839
flight controls in this airplane don't

534
00:17:19,720 --> 00:17:25,480
work unless the electrics are turned on

535
00:17:21,838 --> 00:17:27,359
to go do it. Uh so your flight controls

536
00:17:25,480 --> 00:17:29,519
are electrically

537
00:17:27,359 --> 00:17:30,919
controlled, hydraulically powered but

538
00:17:29,519 --> 00:17:33,559
electrically controlled, which is a

539
00:17:30,920 --> 00:17:35,360
little weird when you think about it

540
00:17:33,559 --> 00:17:37,480
because now all of a sudden electrical

541
00:17:35,359 --> 00:17:39,759
problems in this airplane start

542
00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:41,519
impacting your ability to fly the

543
00:17:39,759 --> 00:17:43,240
airplane, which gets a little bit

544
00:17:41,519 --> 00:17:44,839
strange. Um you guys ever hear of a

545
00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:46,640
thing called a permanent magnetic

546
00:17:44,839 --> 00:17:48,879
generator? Do you know what that is? A

547
00:17:46,640 --> 00:17:50,880
little bit of a technical term.

548
00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:52,520
Who knows? You know a lot, go ahead. Uh

549
00:17:50,880 --> 00:17:54,960
is it a type of Is it a type of

550
00:17:52,519 --> 00:17:56,639
generator that uses permanent magnets to

551
00:17:54,960 --> 00:17:58,319
Outstanding. Yes, you have correctly

552
00:17:56,640 --> 00:18:00,560
derived the definition of a permanent

553
00:17:58,319 --> 00:18:03,000
magnetic generator. Now, the way it

554
00:18:00,559 --> 00:18:04,839
works is um

555
00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:06,880
this airplane has six permanent magnetic

556
00:18:04,839 --> 00:18:09,279
generators. They are the primary source

557
00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:11,520
of flight control power. All that has to

558
00:18:09,279 --> 00:18:13,240
happen is the engines have to rotate.

559
00:18:11,519 --> 00:18:14,960
That's it. So even if the engines are

560
00:18:13,240 --> 00:18:16,359
shut down, I can just keep wind going

561
00:18:14,960 --> 00:18:18,039
through the engines and they rotate.

562
00:18:16,359 --> 00:18:19,879
They will rotate sufficient to generate

563
00:18:18,039 --> 00:18:22,440
power from the permanent magnetic

564
00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:24,560
generators. If those fail, the airplane

565
00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:25,600
also has electrical generators on board.

566
00:18:24,559 --> 00:18:27,200
There's two of them. There's actually

567
00:18:25,599 --> 00:18:29,279
three of them on board. They can power

568
00:18:27,200 --> 00:18:31,480
the flight controls as well. Worst case

569
00:18:29,279 --> 00:18:33,639
scenario for a Raptor pilot, the engines

570
00:18:31,480 --> 00:18:35,960
seize up, I lose my electrical power,

571
00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:37,400
the only thing I have left is a battery.

572
00:18:35,960 --> 00:18:38,679
And just like anything else battery, the

573
00:18:37,400 --> 00:18:40,200
more you use it, the more it depletes.

574
00:18:38,679 --> 00:18:42,280
So at that point, any deflection of the

575
00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:43,960
flight control surfaces depletes the

576
00:18:42,279 --> 00:18:46,359
electrical energy and you don't have

577
00:18:43,960 --> 00:18:47,960
that much left to actually control it.

578
00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:49,199
Okay, one last thing here, we'll move on

579
00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:52,159
to the next slide. We'll talk a little

580
00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:53,519
bit some just some definitions. Um the

581
00:18:52,159 --> 00:18:55,960
wing has this thing on the front. You

582
00:18:53,519 --> 00:18:57,200
know what that is what that's called?

583
00:18:55,960 --> 00:19:00,600
Leading edge flaps, right? Okay,

584
00:18:57,200 --> 00:19:02,240
perfect. All right. What's that called?

585
00:19:00,599 --> 00:19:03,039
Ailerons. Um

586
00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:03,880
now

587
00:19:03,039 --> 00:19:05,119
What I What I hear I heard something

588
00:19:03,880 --> 00:19:07,520
else. Flaps.

589
00:19:05,119 --> 00:19:08,918
Ah, who who said that?

590
00:19:07,519 --> 00:19:10,960
Ah, okay. Explain.

591
00:19:08,919 --> 00:19:12,840
Uh it's a it's combination of both flap

592
00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:14,799
and aileron. Um

593
00:19:12,839 --> 00:19:17,359
flaps are on the outside, ailerons are

594
00:19:14,799 --> 00:19:19,079
on the inside. And no, did I get that

595
00:19:17,359 --> 00:19:21,079
backwards? Yep. All the way around.

596
00:19:19,079 --> 00:19:22,319
Other way around, yeah. Yep. And um

597
00:19:21,079 --> 00:19:24,039
depending on which you're doing of

598
00:19:22,319 --> 00:19:25,279
flight you're you're in, you either have

599
00:19:24,039 --> 00:19:27,200
full use of

600
00:19:25,279 --> 00:19:28,519
control surfaces or part of it is

601
00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:30,360
dedicated to being the flap and part of

602
00:19:28,519 --> 00:19:31,960
it is dedicated to being the ailerons.

603
00:19:30,359 --> 00:19:33,759
Yeah.

604
00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:35,559
Outstanding. That's good. In this

605
00:19:33,759 --> 00:19:36,960
airplane, this airplane has what?

606
00:19:35,559 --> 00:19:38,759
Ailerons, right?

607
00:19:36,960 --> 00:19:41,279
So if I want to go right and I move the

608
00:19:38,759 --> 00:19:42,879
yoke right, what happens to the ailerons

609
00:19:41,279 --> 00:19:44,000
here in this airplane?

610
00:19:42,880 --> 00:19:45,880
Sorry, I'll put it that way, that way

611
00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:48,279
you're set up. So I'm going this way. So

612
00:19:45,880 --> 00:19:49,840
this aileron is doing what? Going down.

613
00:19:48,279 --> 00:19:53,440
Going down, right? This aileron is doing

614
00:19:49,839 --> 00:19:55,039
what? Up. Up, right? Um

615
00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:57,400
So I'll cut to the chase.

616
00:19:55,039 --> 00:19:59,319
These are ailerons. These are So, these

617
00:19:57,400 --> 00:20:01,000
are the flaperons. Here in the inside,

618
00:19:59,319 --> 00:20:01,679
these are the ailerons.

619
00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:04,680
Um

620
00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:06,080
in a Raptor uh those ailerons deflect

621
00:20:04,680 --> 00:20:08,840
differentially. So, just like you have

622
00:20:06,079 --> 00:20:12,359
in a Cessna, they can also both deflect

623
00:20:08,839 --> 00:20:14,959
up. They can also both deflect down. The

624
00:20:12,359 --> 00:20:16,759
flaps on the inboard are flaps and

625
00:20:14,960 --> 00:20:19,400
ailerons, flaperons. So, they can

626
00:20:16,759 --> 00:20:21,119
deflect up and they can deflect down.

627
00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:24,000
We'll show why. That brings up some neat

628
00:20:21,119 --> 00:20:25,039
stuff. Okay? Rudder, obviously, back

629
00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:27,480
here.

630
00:20:25,039 --> 00:20:29,279
Um in this airplane, when I push the

631
00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:32,160
rudder left, the rudder deflects left. I

632
00:20:29,279 --> 00:20:33,920
deflect right. Um this has two rudders.

633
00:20:32,160 --> 00:20:35,519
Uh both rudders can deflect one way.

634
00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:37,320
They can deflect the other way. They can

635
00:20:35,519 --> 00:20:39,039
both deflect in, and there's some

636
00:20:37,319 --> 00:20:41,679
reasons why you'd want to do that. And

637
00:20:39,039 --> 00:20:44,079
they can both deflect out.

638
00:20:41,680 --> 00:20:45,120
Uh the last piece I'll give you is uh

639
00:20:44,079 --> 00:20:47,480
back here. Normally, this would be

640
00:20:45,119 --> 00:20:49,839
called an elevator. But on a supersonic

641
00:20:47,480 --> 00:20:51,720
airplane, we call these uh horizontal

642
00:20:49,839 --> 00:20:54,240
stabilizers. Uh if you guys have read

643
00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:56,559
the story of the Bell X-1, so Chuck

644
00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:57,440
Yeager, when he went supersonic, we

645
00:20:56,559 --> 00:20:59,119
talked a little bit earlier about

646
00:20:57,440 --> 00:21:01,360
supersonic shock waves forming on the

647
00:20:59,119 --> 00:21:03,559
airplane as you start going fast. Um

648
00:21:01,359 --> 00:21:06,959
what Chuck Yeager discovered is that the

649
00:21:03,559 --> 00:21:08,559
elevator, like in a traditional Cessna

650
00:21:06,960 --> 00:21:11,400
that horizontal stabilizer does not

651
00:21:08,559 --> 00:21:13,599
move. So, the elevator at the back

652
00:21:11,400 --> 00:21:15,920
moves, but the horiz- but it but this

653
00:21:13,599 --> 00:21:17,919
part stays fixed. That shock wave that

654
00:21:15,920 --> 00:21:20,960
would form right here would actually

655
00:21:17,920 --> 00:21:22,680
blank the air back to the elevator, and

656
00:21:20,960 --> 00:21:23,799
they wouldn't have any pitch control.

657
00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:25,519
So, when they talk about this thing

658
00:21:23,799 --> 00:21:27,519
called Mach tuck, which was a scary

659
00:21:25,519 --> 00:21:29,119
scary thing that happened to a lot of

660
00:21:27,519 --> 00:21:30,319
World War fighter pilots when they got

661
00:21:29,119 --> 00:21:31,879
into a dive

662
00:21:30,319 --> 00:21:33,240
um they would start forming shock waves

663
00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:35,040
on the airplane. They didn't have the

664
00:21:33,240 --> 00:21:36,319
elevator authority to pull up, and so

665
00:21:35,039 --> 00:21:37,799
they would actually nose dive all the

666
00:21:36,319 --> 00:21:40,679
way in cuz they go faster and faster and

667
00:21:37,799 --> 00:21:42,519
faster heading down. The answer was,

668
00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:46,000
rather than the back end of this thing

669
00:21:42,519 --> 00:21:48,240
maneuvering, the entire surface moves.

670
00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:49,559
So, as a fighter pilot, especially when

671
00:21:48,240 --> 00:21:51,319
you got people walking underneath the

672
00:21:49,559 --> 00:21:53,159
airplane because their maintainers are

673
00:21:51,319 --> 00:21:54,960
working on things, you always always

674
00:21:53,160 --> 00:21:57,320
always you show them your hands because

675
00:21:54,960 --> 00:21:58,880
if you tap that stick, again, the stick

676
00:21:57,319 --> 00:22:00,039
is not directly connected just like it

677
00:21:58,880 --> 00:22:02,080
is. The stick is connected to a

678
00:22:00,039 --> 00:22:03,399
computer. The computer votes and allows

679
00:22:02,079 --> 00:22:06,240
things to happen. It then commands a

680
00:22:03,400 --> 00:22:07,600
4,000 hydraulic PSI system to deflect

681
00:22:06,240 --> 00:22:09,559
basically this big old wing. You can

682
00:22:07,599 --> 00:22:10,919
actually take a guy's head off um with

683
00:22:09,559 --> 00:22:12,359
the flight control surfaces. So, you

684
00:22:10,920 --> 00:22:13,600
always always show your hands whenever

685
00:22:12,359 --> 00:22:16,439
you have people walking underneath the

686
00:22:13,599 --> 00:22:18,279
airplane for that. So, it's got a very

687
00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:19,440
very advanced flight control system on

688
00:22:18,279 --> 00:22:21,119
board. We'll talk through a little bit

689
00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:22,640
about what advantages that kind of gives

690
00:22:21,119 --> 00:22:25,319
you.

691
00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:27,440
Last piece I'll give you is the engines

692
00:22:25,319 --> 00:22:28,720
at the back, um

693
00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:30,519
which are a thing of beauty. I was a

694
00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:31,640
propulsion guy, aeronautics engineer

695
00:22:30,519 --> 00:22:32,319
kind of thing.

696
00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:33,840
Um

697
00:22:32,319 --> 00:22:35,200
it's almost like modern art masterpiece

698
00:22:33,839 --> 00:22:37,720
to me. Um

699
00:22:35,200 --> 00:22:39,559
those engines uh are have the ability to

700
00:22:37,720 --> 00:22:42,519
call what's called thrust vectoring.

701
00:22:39,559 --> 00:22:44,639
They'll swing up and they'll swing down.

702
00:22:42,519 --> 00:22:46,319
Uh where would you want to use that? Why

703
00:22:44,640 --> 00:22:47,360
does he Why do the engines have thrust

704
00:22:46,319 --> 00:22:48,839
vectoring?

705
00:22:47,359 --> 00:22:49,599
You've answered a lot, Meg.

706
00:22:48,839 --> 00:22:52,439
You're smart though. You know what's

707
00:22:49,599 --> 00:22:53,919
going on. Go ahead. Uh very low speeds.

708
00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:55,600
Very low speeds. Outstanding, yep.

709
00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:56,840
Where's it Where's another regime?

710
00:22:55,599 --> 00:22:58,399
Think of the flight envelope of the

711
00:22:56,839 --> 00:22:59,359
airplane.

712
00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:00,440
What if

713
00:22:59,359 --> 00:23:01,959
Yeah, very high altitude.

714
00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:04,240
Very high altitude. So, so why high

715
00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:05,920
altitudes?

716
00:23:04,240 --> 00:23:09,160
Uh little lift from the wings or the

717
00:23:05,920 --> 00:23:11,400
wings could be Yep. Yeah, yeah. Density

718
00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:12,759
goes way down as you go up in altitude.

719
00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:15,200
So, if I deflect this I mean, I have to

720
00:23:12,759 --> 00:23:16,960
get more deflection to move that air to

721
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:19,559
be able to move the airplane if I'm

722
00:23:16,960 --> 00:23:21,720
relying just on the aero surfaces alone.

723
00:23:19,559 --> 00:23:24,119
The way I get around that is I put two

724
00:23:21,720 --> 00:23:26,000
35,000 thrust pound engines, if you

725
00:23:24,119 --> 00:23:27,959
will, uh on board the airplane. And just

726
00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:29,160
like a fire hose, if I grab a fire hose

727
00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:31,840
and I move it, you would feel that

728
00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:33,759
torque on your body. The same thing here

729
00:23:31,839 --> 00:23:36,000
uh with with the thrust vectoring on the

730
00:23:33,759 --> 00:23:38,839
back. So, with just the movement of my

731
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:40,720
hand, I can deflect 70,000 lbs of thrust

732
00:23:38,839 --> 00:23:42,678
um way at the back end of the airplane.

733
00:23:40,720 --> 00:23:45,360
So, we talked about center of gravity

734
00:23:42,679 --> 00:23:47,160
being right about here. So, that moment

735
00:23:45,359 --> 00:23:48,639
arm of that thrust force is all the way

736
00:23:47,160 --> 00:23:51,040
back here, and I can deflect that up.

737
00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:52,679
And at very very low speeds where the

738
00:23:51,039 --> 00:23:55,159
flight control surfaces might not be

739
00:23:52,679 --> 00:23:58,000
doing well I can still move the airplane

740
00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:59,560
just by using the the thrust alone. At

741
00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:01,480
high altitude where I don't have a lot

742
00:23:59,559 --> 00:24:03,799
of density, same thing. I can maneuver

743
00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:06,000
the airplane just by using the thrust

744
00:24:03,799 --> 00:24:07,759
alone. So, where that helps you, cuz

745
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:08,400
again, this is a dog fighter.

746
00:24:07,759 --> 00:24:09,679
Um

747
00:24:08,400 --> 00:24:10,920
here's what happens, and you'll you'll

748
00:24:09,679 --> 00:24:13,120
see this from time to time. So, I'll do

749
00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:14,960
this with the side look. When I get to

750
00:24:13,119 --> 00:24:16,879
high angle of attack, so the wind is

751
00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:19,720
coming like this and it's hitting the

752
00:24:16,880 --> 00:24:21,000
bottom surface of the airplane um I

753
00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:23,039
don't have the ability to really

754
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:25,400
maneuver a lot because sometimes some

755
00:24:23,039 --> 00:24:27,519
aero surfaces are blanked by just the

756
00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:29,720
the size of that fuselage coming right

757
00:24:27,519 --> 00:24:31,599
out into the wing. So, I I cheat, if you

758
00:24:29,720 --> 00:24:33,600
will, by using the engines to get that

759
00:24:31,599 --> 00:24:35,559
final little pitch rate. We'll see later

760
00:24:33,599 --> 00:24:37,199
on in the Raptor demo video where the

761
00:24:35,559 --> 00:24:39,720
airplane will go It's called a high

762
00:24:37,200 --> 00:24:41,200
alpha loop, high angle of attack loop.

763
00:24:39,720 --> 00:24:42,839
It'll go vertical

764
00:24:41,200 --> 00:24:44,679
um and rather than doing like a loop

765
00:24:42,839 --> 00:24:46,480
where you see it prescribe this whole

766
00:24:44,679 --> 00:24:48,080
path over here, the airplane will go

767
00:24:46,480 --> 00:24:49,880
vertical. I'll engage the thrust

768
00:24:48,079 --> 00:24:51,279
vectoring, and it'll pivot. So, the

769
00:24:49,880 --> 00:24:52,520
velocity vector is still heading

770
00:24:51,279 --> 00:24:54,799
straight up, so the airplane is still

771
00:24:52,519 --> 00:24:57,240
moving up, but it kind of does this

772
00:24:54,799 --> 00:24:58,960
gymnastics thing where I've now turned

773
00:24:57,240 --> 00:24:59,960
the airplane using thrust vectoring even

774
00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:02,160
though the airplane is still heading

775
00:24:59,960 --> 00:25:05,840
straight up. It's wacky.

776
00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:05,840
It's totally cool. All right.

777
00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:09,320
All right, let's talk through a couple

778
00:25:08,119 --> 00:25:11,000
other things.

779
00:25:09,319 --> 00:25:12,000
Okay, so that's the flight controls. How

780
00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:13,359
are we doing timeline? Okay, we're

781
00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,200
looking pretty good.

782
00:25:13,359 --> 00:25:15,279
Okay.

783
00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:18,080
Okay.

784
00:25:15,279 --> 00:25:20,879
Anyone recognize the cockpit on uh your

785
00:25:18,079 --> 00:25:20,879
left?

786
00:25:21,039 --> 00:25:25,839
F-15. F-15? Yeah, outstanding. Good.

787
00:25:23,679 --> 00:25:27,280
This is my very first airplane. I didn't

788
00:25:25,839 --> 00:25:29,119
know any better, right? I sat down and

789
00:25:27,279 --> 00:25:30,799
said, "Wow, what a cool cockpit. Look at

790
00:25:29,119 --> 00:25:33,399
all these cool stuff, buttons everywhere

791
00:25:30,799 --> 00:25:35,599
and switches all over the place." Um

792
00:25:33,400 --> 00:25:38,040
this is an airplane of the '70s. Uh

793
00:25:35,599 --> 00:25:40,359
designed when uh Richard Nixon, Jimmy

794
00:25:38,039 --> 00:25:41,240
Carter, that kind of era, if you will.

795
00:25:40,359 --> 00:25:44,240
Uh

796
00:25:41,240 --> 00:25:46,079
very very first intro to solid-state

797
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:48,480
electronics. Really wasn't fully fleshed

798
00:25:46,079 --> 00:25:50,240
out at this stage. Um this airplane had

799
00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:51,679
a hydromechanical system, which meant

800
00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:53,679
that just like in this airplane where

801
00:25:51,679 --> 00:25:55,480
there were cables and pulleys, um the

802
00:25:53,679 --> 00:25:58,440
similar kind of flight control system in

803
00:25:55,480 --> 00:26:00,759
it there. Um this picture is the

804
00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:02,720
Raptor's cockpit on the inside. Some

805
00:26:00,759 --> 00:26:04,079
pretty dramatic differences between the

806
00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:06,559
two. So, again, just call them out. What

807
00:26:04,079 --> 00:26:08,240
What What do you see?

808
00:26:06,559 --> 00:26:10,799
Glass cockpit. Glass cockpit. Where does

809
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:10,799
that help you?

810
00:26:11,519 --> 00:26:15,240
Glass cockpit.

811
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:17,240
Go ahead. You're doing well. It's

812
00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:19,079
Multi-display. What's up? You can be

813
00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:21,079
multi-display. You can change it to

814
00:26:19,079 --> 00:26:23,279
Oh, yeah. It's great. You can see these

815
00:26:21,079 --> 00:26:25,279
new digital cockpit uh Mercedes-Benzes

816
00:26:23,279 --> 00:26:26,678
and BMWs or whatever where like in the

817
00:26:25,279 --> 00:26:28,319
old days you just had, you know, speed

818
00:26:26,679 --> 00:26:30,800
and tach, if you will. Now, you can

819
00:26:28,319 --> 00:26:32,559
configure it however you want. Um now,

820
00:26:30,799 --> 00:26:35,440
these become the moment you start

821
00:26:32,559 --> 00:26:36,559
putting that in there No, got it. Yeah,

822
00:26:35,440 --> 00:26:39,720
the moment you start doing stuff like

823
00:26:36,559 --> 00:26:40,759
that, um you start creating a software

824
00:26:39,720 --> 00:26:43,160
airplane, which gives you a lot of

825
00:26:40,759 --> 00:26:44,359
flexibility and a danger, right? We'll

826
00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:47,160
talk about that one a little bit later

827
00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:47,159
on. What else do you see?

828
00:26:48,440 --> 00:26:50,720
Flight controls-wise, since we're

829
00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:52,000
talking mainly about flight controls

830
00:26:50,720 --> 00:26:55,759
today.

831
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:58,720
Side stick. Side stick. Yeah. So

832
00:26:55,759 --> 00:27:01,200
right there

833
00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:03,039
is the control stick in an F-15. It sits

834
00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:05,240
directly between your knees.

835
00:27:03,039 --> 00:27:07,559
Um in a Raptor

836
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:08,799
that is your control stick. It's on the

837
00:27:07,559 --> 00:27:10,799
side.

838
00:27:08,799 --> 00:27:11,960
Why would you ever want to put something

839
00:27:10,799 --> 00:27:14,159
like that on the side? Go ahead.

840
00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:15,480
I can't use I can't move my head.

841
00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:17,120
That's part of it. That helps. And

842
00:27:15,480 --> 00:27:18,679
there's actually you can't see it here.

843
00:27:17,119 --> 00:27:19,959
It's partly there, but kind of this

844
00:27:18,679 --> 00:27:22,640
little section here It's a fold-out

845
00:27:19,960 --> 00:27:25,039
armrest. So, your wrist is on the stick.

846
00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:26,240
Your your elbow is, if you will, it's

847
00:27:25,039 --> 00:27:28,240
resting on an armrest. So, it gives you

848
00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:30,079
a lot of leverage from there. Um that's

849
00:27:28,240 --> 00:27:31,400
one reason. What's couple other reasons

850
00:27:30,079 --> 00:27:33,240
why you'd want to go side stick versus

851
00:27:31,400 --> 00:27:33,880
center stick? Your legs get in the way

852
00:27:33,240 --> 00:27:36,319
on the center stick.

853
00:27:33,880 --> 00:27:38,640
Legs get in the way. That's a big deal.

854
00:27:36,319 --> 00:27:40,159
Um because in this airplane

855
00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:41,440
you actually got got pretty good after a

856
00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:42,920
while flying it where if you really need

857
00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:44,559
to maneuver the stick, you'd kind of do

858
00:27:42,920 --> 00:27:46,320
the leg up and kind of move over that

859
00:27:44,559 --> 00:27:47,519
way to get everything out of the way. Um

860
00:27:46,319 --> 00:27:49,359
the other side about it, too, it might

861
00:27:47,519 --> 00:27:51,079
not be quite so obvious, but you see how

862
00:27:49,359 --> 00:27:53,039
that stick That's about where your eye

863
00:27:51,079 --> 00:27:54,359
height would be. Um you see how that

864
00:27:53,039 --> 00:27:56,279
stick kind of gets in the way of seeing

865
00:27:54,359 --> 00:27:57,599
some of the instruments?

866
00:27:56,279 --> 00:27:59,559
So, it it's just sitting right there,

867
00:27:57,599 --> 00:28:01,439
right? In a side stick, um that's

868
00:27:59,559 --> 00:28:04,119
completely off to the side, and all of

869
00:28:01,440 --> 00:28:05,320
this real estate is completely open.

870
00:28:04,119 --> 00:28:06,959
Um the other thing I'll give you again,

871
00:28:05,319 --> 00:28:09,159
just for sake of time,

872
00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:10,240
uh it's it's a little bit of a thought

873
00:28:09,160 --> 00:28:14,640
change.

874
00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:14,640
Um when you have a center stick

875
00:28:14,839 --> 00:28:19,678
it's like when you're driving a car

876
00:28:16,720 --> 00:28:20,759
and when you're at parking, you know,

877
00:28:19,679 --> 00:28:22,919
you're trying to park your car, you want

878
00:28:20,759 --> 00:28:25,200
to be able to maneuver that wheel around

879
00:28:22,919 --> 00:28:26,640
a lot. Uh but when you're at highway

880
00:28:25,200 --> 00:28:28,159
speeds, if you were to take the wheel

881
00:28:26,640 --> 00:28:32,000
and maneuver it that much again, you're

882
00:28:28,159 --> 00:28:36,080
going to roll the car. Um so in a center

883
00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:37,440
stick you move the stick around to be

884
00:28:36,079 --> 00:28:38,799
able to deflect the flight control

885
00:28:37,440 --> 00:28:40,519
surfaces. There's a physical

886
00:28:38,799 --> 00:28:43,559
displacement of the stick to make that

887
00:28:40,519 --> 00:28:45,799
happen. On a side stick, that stick,

888
00:28:43,559 --> 00:28:49,158
initially when they first put it in, um

889
00:28:45,799 --> 00:28:50,359
did not move at all. So, imagine if you

890
00:28:49,159 --> 00:28:52,040
were in your car when you wanted to

891
00:28:50,359 --> 00:28:54,158
steer, and rather than the wheel

892
00:28:52,039 --> 00:28:55,678
actually moving, you just put pressure

893
00:28:54,159 --> 00:28:57,960
on the wheel itself, and that was enough

894
00:28:55,679 --> 00:28:59,400
to transmit to the computer in the car

895
00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:02,559
to turn the wheels.

896
00:28:59,400 --> 00:29:03,600
Uh that was a problem initially,

897
00:29:02,559 --> 00:29:04,639
uh which we can talk about after the

898
00:29:03,599 --> 00:29:06,599
presentation. That's a little bit of a

899
00:29:04,640 --> 00:29:09,040
sidebar discussion. This is a human

900
00:29:06,599 --> 00:29:10,799
factors thing. It's a side stick.

901
00:29:09,039 --> 00:29:12,279
Initially, it didn't move. Eventually,

902
00:29:10,799 --> 00:29:13,879
they decided I'll put in some

903
00:29:12,279 --> 00:29:16,240
deflection, so I can go a half inch

904
00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:19,080
left, a half inch right, about a quarter

905
00:29:16,240 --> 00:29:20,279
inch forward because normally uh you

906
00:29:19,079 --> 00:29:21,359
know, I go about a half inch back

907
00:29:20,279 --> 00:29:23,158
because normally I really want to get

908
00:29:21,359 --> 00:29:24,439
the nose going this way. Um if I had

909
00:29:23,159 --> 00:29:26,720
that much deflection forward, I don't

910
00:29:24,440 --> 00:29:28,679
want to fly the airplane this way. So,

911
00:29:26,720 --> 00:29:29,839
you have the ability to do that. Um but

912
00:29:28,679 --> 00:29:31,679
it gives you a little bit of the best of

913
00:29:29,839 --> 00:29:33,439
both worlds. There's some deflection to

914
00:29:31,679 --> 00:29:35,560
give you feedback that you've input

915
00:29:33,440 --> 00:29:36,880
something on the stick, but not so much

916
00:29:35,559 --> 00:29:38,200
deflection that it kind of gets in the

917
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,520
way of everything else you're trying to

918
00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:41,080
do. So, there's limited real estate in a

919
00:29:39,519 --> 00:29:42,279
fighter cockpit.

920
00:29:41,079 --> 00:29:44,918
Uh the last piece I'll give you, and

921
00:29:42,279 --> 00:29:47,359
it's a little bit hard to see here, is

922
00:29:44,919 --> 00:29:48,360
um Um, all those buttons there on the

923
00:29:47,359 --> 00:29:49,879
stick,

924
00:29:48,359 --> 00:29:51,519
uh, you know,

925
00:29:49,880 --> 00:29:54,080
what you have the ability to do, so it's

926
00:29:51,519 --> 00:29:55,639
it's exactly like modern cars car

927
00:29:54,079 --> 00:29:57,839
steering wheels right now. You can

928
00:29:55,640 --> 00:29:58,920
control volume, radio, everything else

929
00:29:57,839 --> 00:30:00,959
like that. You can do it from the

930
00:29:58,920 --> 00:30:02,600
steering wheel. Same thing in a fighter.

931
00:30:00,960 --> 00:30:04,519
It's called hands-on throttle and stick,

932
00:30:02,599 --> 00:30:05,759
HOTAS, and it allows you to control

933
00:30:04,519 --> 00:30:08,119
everything that you would want to do on

934
00:30:05,759 --> 00:30:10,160
the airplane with never having to leave

935
00:30:08,119 --> 00:30:11,839
uh, your your hands from the throttle

936
00:30:10,160 --> 00:30:13,960
and the stick. Uh, the other piece I'll

937
00:30:11,839 --> 00:30:15,919
give you is that in a Raptor, so in a

938
00:30:13,960 --> 00:30:18,120
fighter like this this is your stick,

939
00:30:15,920 --> 00:30:19,480
this is your throttle. In a Raptor,

940
00:30:18,119 --> 00:30:21,559
because the flight control modes can

941
00:30:19,480 --> 00:30:25,039
change so much, this is your right

942
00:30:21,559 --> 00:30:26,679
inceptor and this is your left inceptor.

943
00:30:25,039 --> 00:30:28,159
It's all considered part of the flight

944
00:30:26,680 --> 00:30:31,000
control system.

945
00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:32,040
All right, let's keep going.

946
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:32,880
So,

947
00:30:32,039 --> 00:30:34,319
um,

948
00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:37,120
just like on your car where if you want

949
00:30:34,319 --> 00:30:40,039
to go to XM radio, you go to media

950
00:30:37,119 --> 00:30:41,959
source or whatever and go XM satellite

951
00:30:40,039 --> 00:30:44,119
radio. Um, you have buttons because it's

952
00:30:41,960 --> 00:30:45,759
a software driven jet just like we saw

953
00:30:44,119 --> 00:30:47,799
before and I can pull up a flight

954
00:30:45,759 --> 00:30:49,119
control display uh, that shows me the

955
00:30:47,799 --> 00:30:51,240
position of all my flight control

956
00:30:49,119 --> 00:30:53,599
surfaces. Again,

957
00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:55,319
um, the pilot is way forward on the

958
00:30:53,599 --> 00:30:57,199
front end of this airplane. As I deflect

959
00:30:55,319 --> 00:30:58,079
things, sometimes I can't actually see

960
00:30:57,200 --> 00:30:59,600
them.

961
00:30:58,079 --> 00:31:01,359
And so initially this was a flight test

962
00:30:59,599 --> 00:31:03,119
display. So but I don't have to do the

963
00:31:01,359 --> 00:31:04,639
old poltergeist thing and try to rotate

964
00:31:03,119 --> 00:31:06,319
all the way around to be able to see to

965
00:31:04,640 --> 00:31:07,920
the back end of the airplane to see if

966
00:31:06,319 --> 00:31:09,559
the elevator's moving.

967
00:31:07,920 --> 00:31:11,560
Uh, I basically instrument everything

968
00:31:09,559 --> 00:31:13,399
and I can see it here. Now, some of the

969
00:31:11,559 --> 00:31:15,679
human factor stuff that's kind of cool

970
00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:17,759
with how they did this,

971
00:31:15,680 --> 00:31:19,759
so this right here,

972
00:31:17,759 --> 00:31:22,000
so again, this tells you at the top uh,

973
00:31:19,759 --> 00:31:24,160
rudder deflection surfaces, ailerons,

974
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:25,880
where the horizontal stabilizers are at,

975
00:31:24,160 --> 00:31:27,160
how the engines are doing. This is a

976
00:31:25,880 --> 00:31:28,600
little weird. I don't I don't really

977
00:31:27,160 --> 00:31:30,279
like how they did this one, but this is

978
00:31:28,599 --> 00:31:31,639
the leading edge flaps, LE flaps or

979
00:31:30,279 --> 00:31:33,359
leading edge flaps, so it just shows you

980
00:31:31,640 --> 00:31:36,080
how far they're deflected, dug in, dug

981
00:31:33,359 --> 00:31:38,479
down. Um, on the lower left-hand corner

982
00:31:36,079 --> 00:31:40,079
it shows you center of gravity.

983
00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:41,360
So there's limits.

984
00:31:40,079 --> 00:31:42,599
Uh, just like what you you know, what

985
00:31:41,359 --> 00:31:44,159
you would normally do on flight planning

986
00:31:42,599 --> 00:31:45,919
for your Cessna. Hey, I can only put

987
00:31:44,160 --> 00:31:47,200
this much fuel with this much passengers

988
00:31:45,920 --> 00:31:48,920
and I got to be within this limit for

989
00:31:47,200 --> 00:31:50,440
takeoff for landing and everything else.

990
00:31:48,920 --> 00:31:51,800
Uh, the airplane tells you that. Now

991
00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:53,320
what's cool about some of the things

992
00:31:51,799 --> 00:31:55,200
they've done in Raptor is that if it's

993
00:31:53,319 --> 00:31:56,480
out of limits, again, it doesn't expect

994
00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:58,200
you to get out the piece of paper with

995
00:31:56,480 --> 00:32:00,599
the whiz wheel and the E6B. It just

996
00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:02,319
changes color and it goes red and it

997
00:32:00,599 --> 00:32:05,399
gives you a warning, right? And it says,

998
00:32:02,319 --> 00:32:07,839
"Hey idiot, um, you are beyond the aft

999
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:09,000
center of gravity. Um, no gauge tells

1000
00:32:07,839 --> 00:32:10,079
you it's just having a hard time seeing

1001
00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:11,960
where all the fuel is and everything

1002
00:32:10,079 --> 00:32:14,240
else. That's a different story. But it

1003
00:32:11,960 --> 00:32:16,480
tells you where what percentage of mean

1004
00:32:14,240 --> 00:32:17,559
aerodynamic cord that you're sitting at

1005
00:32:16,480 --> 00:32:19,759
um, and it's able to adjust stuff

1006
00:32:17,559 --> 00:32:20,960
around. So,

1007
00:32:19,759 --> 00:32:22,759
I'll give that to you because what this

1008
00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:23,960
allows is uh, oh by the way, the last

1009
00:32:22,759 --> 00:32:25,759
part here is flight control. So in other

1010
00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:27,759
words, this tells you where you've moved

1011
00:32:25,759 --> 00:32:29,079
your stick and it tells you trim. So you

1012
00:32:27,759 --> 00:32:30,400
know where the trim is set and also

1013
00:32:29,079 --> 00:32:32,039
tells you where the stick is set. So you

1014
00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:34,560
know your inputs that kind of go through

1015
00:32:32,039 --> 00:32:37,279
there. When you have a software driven

1016
00:32:34,559 --> 00:32:38,879
machine, you can customize things and

1017
00:32:37,279 --> 00:32:40,319
make it very simple.

1018
00:32:38,880 --> 00:32:42,560
Uh, you guys have seen that terrible

1019
00:32:40,319 --> 00:32:44,720
terrible awful movie Top Gun, right?

1020
00:32:42,559 --> 00:32:47,319
It's just awful, right? So that scene

1021
00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:48,640
where Maverick loses his engines and

1022
00:32:47,319 --> 00:32:50,039
they go through this engine one is out,

1023
00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:52,320
engine two is out and they go on this

1024
00:32:50,039 --> 00:32:54,319
flat spin to sea, which is a bunch of

1025
00:32:52,319 --> 00:32:56,000
BS. When you're in a spin, you don't

1026
00:32:54,319 --> 00:32:58,119
translate over the ground, you fall

1027
00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:59,640
straight down. So, this whole flying out

1028
00:32:58,119 --> 00:33:02,239
to sea thing is ridiculous. Doesn't

1029
00:32:59,640 --> 00:33:04,360
happen that way. Um,

1030
00:33:02,240 --> 00:33:05,679
in if you don't have a software driven

1031
00:33:04,359 --> 00:33:06,799
airplane when you lose engines like

1032
00:33:05,679 --> 00:33:08,040
that, then you've got to go through this

1033
00:33:06,799 --> 00:33:10,319
whole It's like in a for instance in the

1034
00:33:08,039 --> 00:33:11,359
Cessna, if you lose a motor, lose the

1035
00:33:10,319 --> 00:33:12,159
motor,

1036
00:33:11,359 --> 00:33:13,919
uh, what do you got to do, right?

1037
00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:15,440
Establish your glide, get everything set

1038
00:33:13,920 --> 00:33:17,080
up, check to see am I left, right, or

1039
00:33:15,440 --> 00:33:18,440
both on the fuel source, what's my

1040
00:33:17,079 --> 00:33:20,519
whatever, blah blah blah and everything

1041
00:33:18,440 --> 00:33:22,360
else. Um, in the Raptor, it's the most

1042
00:33:20,519 --> 00:33:23,639
awesome thing possible. You literally do

1043
00:33:22,359 --> 00:33:25,479
nothing.

1044
00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:27,240
You sit there and the computer goes,

1045
00:33:25,480 --> 00:33:28,759
"Oh, you've lost a motor. I've noticed

1046
00:33:27,240 --> 00:33:30,160
that you have a problem. Let me see if I

1047
00:33:28,759 --> 00:33:32,039
can help you." And it will restart the

1048
00:33:30,160 --> 00:33:33,640
motor for you if it can, right? If it if

1049
00:33:32,039 --> 00:33:34,879
it can't restart the motor, chances are

1050
00:33:33,640 --> 00:33:37,120
it ain't going to restart and you can

1051
00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:39,800
just leave it shut down if you will. Um,

1052
00:33:37,119 --> 00:33:42,359
it allows some neat human factor designs

1053
00:33:39,799 --> 00:33:43,440
because in this airplane in the Raptor,

1054
00:33:42,359 --> 00:33:45,159
believe it or not, when you're flying

1055
00:33:43,440 --> 00:33:46,920
the Raptor, you're not

1056
00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:49,080
thinking about flying the Raptor. You're

1057
00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:50,360
thinking about employing the Raptor. So

1058
00:33:49,079 --> 00:33:52,879
you're trying to find where all of your

1059
00:33:50,359 --> 00:33:56,639
wingmates are, where the bad guys are,

1060
00:33:52,880 --> 00:33:58,200
etc. etc. Flying is secondary.

1061
00:33:56,640 --> 00:33:59,200
Whereas in this plane, flying is

1062
00:33:58,200 --> 00:34:01,759
everything.

1063
00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:03,880
Um, so they tried to as much as possible

1064
00:34:01,759 --> 00:34:05,279
alleviate the pilot from as much burden

1065
00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:06,640
of responsibility of thinking about

1066
00:34:05,279 --> 00:34:08,279
flying the airplane by doing kind of

1067
00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:09,200
neat little tricks like that.

1068
00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:10,760
Uh, the other thing I'll give you too

1069
00:34:09,199 --> 00:34:13,639
about the flight controls is again, we

1070
00:34:10,760 --> 00:34:15,600
talked about how ailerons can go up,

1071
00:34:13,639 --> 00:34:17,158
ailerons can come down. Flapperons go

1072
00:34:15,599 --> 00:34:19,839
up, they go down. Rudders come out, go

1073
00:34:17,159 --> 00:34:21,640
down. On takeoff mode,

1074
00:34:19,840 --> 00:34:22,800
I'll show you something kind of cool.

1075
00:34:21,639 --> 00:34:25,199
So,

1076
00:34:22,800 --> 00:34:27,280
here's the nose look on here. On takeoff

1077
00:34:25,199 --> 00:34:29,079
mode without any input from the pilot,

1078
00:34:27,280 --> 00:34:30,760
so there's no flap switch in the

1079
00:34:29,079 --> 00:34:32,840
cockpit, there's no leading edge There's

1080
00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:34,440
nothing. There's nothing like that. Um,

1081
00:34:32,840 --> 00:34:36,559
it just knows based on the fact that

1082
00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:38,000
you've got the gear handle down and that

1083
00:34:36,559 --> 00:34:39,480
you're on the ground and it senses the

1084
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:42,480
weight on wheels, it thinks this guy

1085
00:34:39,480 --> 00:34:44,800
wants to take off. So, the rudders will

1086
00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:46,240
both deflect inward. Why would you do

1087
00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:48,560
that?

1088
00:34:46,239 --> 00:34:49,398
Go on. Is it a good time to

1089
00:34:48,559 --> 00:34:52,358
um,

1090
00:34:49,398 --> 00:34:54,398
sort of rev up to the um, thrust level

1091
00:34:52,358 --> 00:34:56,840
that would allow takeoff so that you use

1092
00:34:54,398 --> 00:34:58,559
a shorter runway? So, um,

1093
00:34:56,840 --> 00:34:59,800
not quite. Um,

1094
00:34:58,559 --> 00:35:00,960
there is a tie between the flight

1095
00:34:59,800 --> 00:35:03,519
controls though. So in other words, if I

1096
00:35:00,960 --> 00:35:05,840
take the rudders and I tow them both in,

1097
00:35:03,519 --> 00:35:07,159
so both rudders are deflected in,

1098
00:35:05,840 --> 00:35:08,960
what does that do from an aerodynamic

1099
00:35:07,159 --> 00:35:10,199
standpoint?

1100
00:35:08,960 --> 00:35:12,800
Which way is the nose going to go if

1101
00:35:10,199 --> 00:35:15,559
these rudders are deflected in?

1102
00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:17,200
Up, right? So it makes it easier to

1103
00:35:15,559 --> 00:35:19,440
rotate the airplane on takeoff because

1104
00:35:17,199 --> 00:35:21,759
the rudders are deflecting in. Both of

1105
00:35:19,440 --> 00:35:23,200
them go in, right? Uh, the other part

1106
00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:24,480
about it too is,

1107
00:35:23,199 --> 00:35:26,399
so we talked about this. You You guys

1108
00:35:24,480 --> 00:35:28,320
ever see like a competition aerobatic

1109
00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:30,358
like one of those extra 300 kind of

1110
00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:32,840
airplanes? See how the aileron runs the

1111
00:35:30,358 --> 00:35:34,279
entire length of the whole wing? So that

1112
00:35:32,840 --> 00:35:35,680
the pilot all they got to do is just tap

1113
00:35:34,280 --> 00:35:38,120
the wing and the airplane is going to do

1114
00:35:35,679 --> 00:35:39,399
corkscrews and spirals. On a Raptor,

1115
00:35:38,119 --> 00:35:40,960
that's part of the reason why the

1116
00:35:39,400 --> 00:35:43,720
aileron and the flapperon can move

1117
00:35:40,960 --> 00:35:45,800
together as one surface. And so the

1118
00:35:43,719 --> 00:35:48,079
leading edge flaps will dig in, the

1119
00:35:45,800 --> 00:35:51,120
trailing aileron and the trailing edge

1120
00:35:48,079 --> 00:35:52,400
flap, that will dig in as well. So, on

1121
00:35:51,119 --> 00:35:55,000
takeoff

1122
00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:57,160
with no input from the pilot,

1123
00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:58,559
whereas the wing normally would look

1124
00:35:57,159 --> 00:36:01,839
sort of like this with a little bit of

1125
00:35:58,559 --> 00:36:04,119
camber on it, on takeoff, the wing looks

1126
00:36:01,840 --> 00:36:05,200
like this.

1127
00:36:04,119 --> 00:36:06,559
It's kind of cool like when you look at

1128
00:36:05,199 --> 00:36:08,519
it from the side.

1129
00:36:06,559 --> 00:36:10,679
So if you're looking at it from

1130
00:36:08,519 --> 00:36:12,880
directly side on, that leading edge flap

1131
00:36:10,679 --> 00:36:15,919
comes down, these come down, that puts

1132
00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:18,119
in a whole bunch of camber on the wing

1133
00:36:15,920 --> 00:36:19,400
and it generates a lot of lift. So and

1134
00:36:18,119 --> 00:36:21,519
again, that's completely independent of

1135
00:36:19,400 --> 00:36:22,800
the pilot. The pilot has done nothing

1136
00:36:21,519 --> 00:36:25,960
other than just tell it I'm on the

1137
00:36:22,800 --> 00:36:27,640
ground because the gear handle is down.

1138
00:36:25,960 --> 00:36:30,240
Last Last, what's it What would be What

1139
00:36:27,639 --> 00:36:31,599
would be a typical rotation speed? Yeah,

1140
00:36:30,239 --> 00:36:33,519
so that's a good question. What do you

1141
00:36:31,599 --> 00:36:34,880
guys think?

1142
00:36:33,519 --> 00:36:36,440
So I start on the runway. By the way, I

1143
00:36:34,880 --> 00:36:38,559
need 8,000 ft of runway. This whole

1144
00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:39,880
2,500 ft is not for a Raptor,

1145
00:36:38,559 --> 00:36:41,599
unfortunately.

1146
00:36:39,880 --> 00:36:42,880
Um, 8,000 ft of runway, but by the time

1147
00:36:41,599 --> 00:36:45,319
I actually get ready to pull back on

1148
00:36:42,880 --> 00:36:48,119
that stick to rotate, um, how fast do

1149
00:36:45,320 --> 00:36:48,120
you think it's going?

1150
00:36:50,320 --> 00:36:52,640
I wish.

1151
00:36:52,800 --> 00:36:57,160
Well, of course, 150 is a usual usually

1152
00:36:55,960 --> 00:37:01,639
so about takeoff weights. By the way,

1153
00:36:57,159 --> 00:37:03,358
this airplane is about 34, 35 tons on

1154
00:37:01,639 --> 00:37:05,639
takeoff compared to like, you know,

1155
00:37:03,358 --> 00:37:08,039
2,500 lbs or whatever.

1156
00:37:05,639 --> 00:37:09,199
Um, so it's a very heavy airplane. Uh,

1157
00:37:08,039 --> 00:37:10,840
it's got to get a lot of speed to be

1158
00:37:09,199 --> 00:37:14,199
able to get that rotation. That's about

1159
00:37:10,840 --> 00:37:15,720
150, 160 knots uh, on takeoff, which is

1160
00:37:14,199 --> 00:37:17,519
like faster than like the never exceed

1161
00:37:15,719 --> 00:37:18,679
speed of the Cessna

1162
00:37:17,519 --> 00:37:20,280
uh, as it goes.

1163
00:37:18,679 --> 00:37:21,799
Um, but yeah, so the flight controls are

1164
00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:23,880
are there to help you. Um, the other

1165
00:37:21,800 --> 00:37:25,480
thing I'll show you too is uh, there is

1166
00:37:23,880 --> 00:37:27,400
so sailplane guys. Where are my

1167
00:37:25,480 --> 00:37:29,480
sailplane guys? Anybody fly sailplanes?

1168
00:37:27,400 --> 00:37:30,960
So, on the left

1169
00:37:29,480 --> 00:37:32,840
in a sailplane cockpit, you typically

1170
00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:34,880
have a lever for the speed brakes,

1171
00:37:32,840 --> 00:37:36,920
spoilers, right? So these big surfaces

1172
00:37:34,880 --> 00:37:38,480
that pop up on the wing to slow the

1173
00:37:36,920 --> 00:37:39,840
airplane down, adjust glide slopes and

1174
00:37:38,480 --> 00:37:41,079
those sorts of things.

1175
00:37:39,840 --> 00:37:42,720
Um, we talked a little bit earlier about

1176
00:37:41,079 --> 00:37:44,358
how the electrical engineer guys want

1177
00:37:42,719 --> 00:37:46,239
this thing to be completely stealthy and

1178
00:37:44,358 --> 00:37:47,920
whatever else. The last thing you want

1179
00:37:46,239 --> 00:37:50,000
to do, based on the discussion we just

1180
00:37:47,920 --> 00:37:51,358
had, is I don't want to have a big board

1181
00:37:50,000 --> 00:37:52,519
stick up in the middle of this airplane

1182
00:37:51,358 --> 00:37:54,679
because that's going to make my radar

1183
00:37:52,519 --> 00:37:56,358
reflection go very very large. So they

1184
00:37:54,679 --> 00:37:58,519
did something kind of remarkable. They

1185
00:37:56,358 --> 00:38:01,559
used the flight control surfaces

1186
00:37:58,519 --> 00:38:03,320
themselves as the speed brakes.

1187
00:38:01,559 --> 00:38:05,079
So if I need to slow the airplane down,

1188
00:38:03,320 --> 00:38:07,160
I hit a little switch on the throttle

1189
00:38:05,079 --> 00:38:08,679
and immediately what happens is

1190
00:38:07,159 --> 00:38:11,319
uh, the leading edge flaps will come

1191
00:38:08,679 --> 00:38:12,399
down a bit, the ailerons will both go

1192
00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:15,240
up.

1193
00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:17,720
Um, the rudders will go out, so they'll

1194
00:38:15,239 --> 00:38:19,599
both tow out. Um, and it's it's using

1195
00:38:17,719 --> 00:38:21,759
that to help slow the airplane kind of

1196
00:38:19,599 --> 00:38:24,119
down. It's actually quite effective

1197
00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:25,280
uh, which is pretty cool.

1198
00:38:24,119 --> 00:38:27,000
All right, couple other things we'll go

1199
00:38:25,280 --> 00:38:29,400
through.

1200
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:31,480
Landing mode.

1201
00:38:29,400 --> 00:38:33,079
Pilot's done nothing. Touchdown.

1202
00:38:31,480 --> 00:38:34,559
Throttles are back.

1203
00:38:33,079 --> 00:38:36,599
Gear handle's down.

1204
00:38:34,559 --> 00:38:38,920
And all of this stuff happens here. Let

1205
00:38:36,599 --> 00:38:41,799
me get this zoomed in here.

1206
00:38:38,920 --> 00:38:43,800
So, that's the aileron. It's up. Holy

1207
00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:45,640
crap, the other one's up, too.

1208
00:38:43,800 --> 00:38:47,680
Um, the flapperon goes up on either

1209
00:38:45,639 --> 00:38:49,599
side. Um, the rudders, you can see how

1210
00:38:47,679 --> 00:38:51,919
they're both kind of kind of towing in

1211
00:38:49,599 --> 00:38:53,519
there a little bit. Um, the reason it's

1212
00:38:51,920 --> 00:38:55,840
doing that is it's trying to transfer

1213
00:38:53,519 --> 00:38:57,280
all of that weight from the wings and

1214
00:38:55,840 --> 00:38:59,640
put it into the gear. So it's trying to

1215
00:38:57,280 --> 00:39:00,920
kill all of the lift on the wings and

1216
00:38:59,639 --> 00:39:03,159
transfer that to the landing gear so

1217
00:39:00,920 --> 00:39:04,639
that you have the maximum traction on

1218
00:39:03,159 --> 00:39:07,239
the wheels as you hit the brakes as you

1219
00:39:04,639 --> 00:39:07,239
slow down.

1220
00:39:07,519 --> 00:39:12,039
Also on

1221
00:39:09,119 --> 00:39:13,759
uh, refueling,

1222
00:39:12,039 --> 00:39:15,199
so when you go air refueling, there's a

1223
00:39:13,760 --> 00:39:17,280
little switch

1224
00:39:15,199 --> 00:39:19,039
uh, that you open in the jet, that opens

1225
00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:20,680
up this door, that tells the jet that

1226
00:39:19,039 --> 00:39:22,480
I'm getting ready to refuel while I'm

1227
00:39:20,679 --> 00:39:24,159
airborne. When it does that, it says,

1228
00:39:22,480 --> 00:39:25,840
"This guy isn't trying to dog fight the

1229
00:39:24,159 --> 00:39:27,759
airplane anymore. They're trying to get

1230
00:39:25,840 --> 00:39:29,840
gas, so therefore I don't need all the

1231
00:39:27,760 --> 00:39:31,560
full roll capability and everything else

1232
00:39:29,840 --> 00:39:32,960
and really what I really want is an

1233
00:39:31,559 --> 00:39:36,000
airplane that's really responsive with

1234
00:39:32,960 --> 00:39:38,039
its lift." And so again, no input from

1235
00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:40,119
the pilot, but the leading edge flaps

1236
00:39:38,039 --> 00:39:41,960
will deploy down, the trailing edge

1237
00:39:40,119 --> 00:39:43,159
flaps and the ailerons will also deploy

1238
00:39:41,960 --> 00:39:45,320
down. Again, they're trying to create

1239
00:39:43,159 --> 00:39:47,039
camber on that wing. This is all digital

1240
00:39:45,320 --> 00:39:49,400
flight controls. No input from the pilot

1241
00:39:47,039 --> 00:39:51,279
whatsoever. What would a typical

1242
00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:53,680
airspeed be when doing this air

1243
00:39:51,280 --> 00:39:56,200
refueling? Uh this is about Oops, I'm

1244
00:39:53,679 --> 00:39:59,519
sorry. Let me go back one here.

1245
00:39:56,199 --> 00:40:01,519
This is about uh about 300 300 knots or

1246
00:39:59,519 --> 00:40:03,159
so something like that. Um you got to be

1247
00:40:01,519 --> 00:40:05,239
able to fly So, for a Raptor, that's

1248
00:40:03,159 --> 00:40:07,480
kind of slow. Um for the tanker

1249
00:40:05,239 --> 00:40:08,719
airplane, that's somewhat fast. Um so,

1250
00:40:07,480 --> 00:40:10,679
you're trying to find that marriage

1251
00:40:08,719 --> 00:40:12,519
where both airplanes have good flying

1252
00:40:10,679 --> 00:40:14,000
qualities so that one's not about to

1253
00:40:12,519 --> 00:40:16,239
stall and the other one's in full power

1254
00:40:14,000 --> 00:40:18,159
trying to catch up to them.

1255
00:40:16,239 --> 00:40:20,159
By the way, the most unnatural act I've

1256
00:40:18,159 --> 00:40:21,559
ever done as a fighter pilot is to

1257
00:40:20,159 --> 00:40:23,559
connect up my airplane to another

1258
00:40:21,559 --> 00:40:25,079
airplane. I just never got used to it. I

1259
00:40:23,559 --> 00:40:27,480
can do it just fine, but the whole

1260
00:40:25,079 --> 00:40:29,000
notion of this big boom connecting my

1261
00:40:27,480 --> 00:40:31,039
airplane to a big airliner was just

1262
00:40:29,000 --> 00:40:33,639
really strange and weird to me. Never

1263
00:40:31,039 --> 00:40:36,559
got used to it.

1264
00:40:33,639 --> 00:40:38,759
Okay, some of the limiters. So,

1265
00:40:36,559 --> 00:40:40,840
in an F-15 cuz we talked to that a

1266
00:40:38,760 --> 00:40:42,840
little bit earlier. F-15 can you can get

1267
00:40:40,840 --> 00:40:44,400
up to 500 600 miles an hour. You can

1268
00:40:42,840 --> 00:40:46,400
take both hands on the stick. You can

1269
00:40:44,400 --> 00:40:48,599
pull that stick all the way back and you

1270
00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:49,920
will rip the wings off the airplane. And

1271
00:40:48,599 --> 00:40:51,880
you will turn it into a big ball of

1272
00:40:49,920 --> 00:40:54,559
metal cascading down to the ground

1273
00:40:51,880 --> 00:40:57,039
because you have over-G'd the airplane.

1274
00:40:54,559 --> 00:40:58,719
Um again, that awful terrible movie Top

1275
00:40:57,039 --> 00:41:01,559
Gun in which Tom Cruise departs the

1276
00:40:58,719 --> 00:41:03,399
airplane and gets into a spin. Uh again,

1277
00:41:01,559 --> 00:41:04,799
you've exceeded some capability of the

1278
00:41:03,400 --> 00:41:06,240
airplane and the airplane departs

1279
00:41:04,800 --> 00:41:08,440
controlled flight and gets into some

1280
00:41:06,239 --> 00:41:10,759
type of uncontrolled situation. On a

1281
00:41:08,440 --> 00:41:12,440
Raptor, there used to be in the pilot

1282
00:41:10,760 --> 00:41:14,720
operating manual a little blurb that

1283
00:41:12,440 --> 00:41:18,240
said, quote, "You can maneuver this

1284
00:41:14,719 --> 00:41:20,119
airplane with quote reckless abandon um

1285
00:41:18,239 --> 00:41:21,519
and you will not over-G the airplane.

1286
00:41:20,119 --> 00:41:23,279
You will not depart the airplane from

1287
00:41:21,519 --> 00:41:25,000
controlled flight." They did a

1288
00:41:23,280 --> 00:41:27,640
spectacular

1289
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:29,280
job uh allowing this airplane to get

1290
00:41:27,639 --> 00:41:33,000
right to the edge of performance but not

1291
00:41:29,280 --> 00:41:35,000
going over the top. So, one of the neat

1292
00:41:33,000 --> 00:41:36,920
things that they did,

1293
00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:39,199
airplanes in a left-hand turn. Look at

1294
00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:42,000
that aileron. It's up.

1295
00:41:39,199 --> 00:41:45,679
Look at that aileron. It's up.

1296
00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:46,960
What the crap is going on there?

1297
00:41:45,679 --> 00:41:49,559
And if you know this one, you really do

1298
00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:49,559
get the model.

1299
00:41:49,840 --> 00:41:54,480
Cuz I didn't know this for a long time.

1300
00:41:53,079 --> 00:41:56,480
So, again, just for sake of time cuz I

1301
00:41:54,480 --> 00:41:58,000
know we got guys coming in afterwards,

1302
00:41:56,480 --> 00:42:00,079
center of gravity

1303
00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:01,760
of the airplane sits right here.

1304
00:42:00,079 --> 00:42:04,079
Um in your engineering classes, you

1305
00:42:01,760 --> 00:42:05,440
always talk about forces acting on the

1306
00:42:04,079 --> 00:42:06,759
center of gravity and you kind of take

1307
00:42:05,440 --> 00:42:08,920
this whole airplane and you model it

1308
00:42:06,760 --> 00:42:10,760
down to a point mass. And you say that's

1309
00:42:08,920 --> 00:42:12,159
what's that's you know, for for sake of

1310
00:42:10,760 --> 00:42:14,880
all the the you know, sum of forces

1311
00:42:12,159 --> 00:42:18,639
analysis. Well, in real life, uh this

1312
00:42:14,880 --> 00:42:20,160
airplane's about 43 ft wide. Um yeah,

1313
00:42:18,639 --> 00:42:21,960
you can sum the forces through there,

1314
00:42:20,159 --> 00:42:24,239
but there's forces acting all over this

1315
00:42:21,960 --> 00:42:26,960
airplane at different spots. Think about

1316
00:42:24,239 --> 00:42:29,399
here on the wingtip. Um I put G on the

1317
00:42:26,960 --> 00:42:31,760
airplane and this wingtip, it's almost

1318
00:42:29,400 --> 00:42:33,760
like the wings want to bend up right as

1319
00:42:31,760 --> 00:42:35,760
I'm coming down. So, you put a lot of

1320
00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:38,160
stress out on the wingtips. So, their

1321
00:42:35,760 --> 00:42:40,240
answer, quite ingeniously, was to

1322
00:42:38,159 --> 00:42:41,679
deflect the ailerons down when you're at

1323
00:42:40,239 --> 00:42:42,719
high maneuvering. The way you know

1324
00:42:41,679 --> 00:42:44,319
you're at high maneuvering is you can

1325
00:42:42,719 --> 00:42:47,119
kind of see these little wispies forming

1326
00:42:44,320 --> 00:42:48,320
off the wingtips. So, you are creating

1327
00:42:47,119 --> 00:42:49,559
low pressure. That's another one, too.

1328
00:42:48,320 --> 00:42:52,240
You can see the clouds forming on the

1329
00:42:49,559 --> 00:42:53,759
front edge of the wing. Low pressure um

1330
00:42:52,239 --> 00:42:55,679
causes that air to condense and so you

1331
00:42:53,760 --> 00:42:57,920
make clouds. So, you know the airplane's

1332
00:42:55,679 --> 00:43:00,319
really maneuvering up. And in answer to

1333
00:42:57,920 --> 00:43:02,280
reduce stress at the wingtips, was to

1334
00:43:00,320 --> 00:43:03,840
deflect the ailerons up. What happens to

1335
00:43:02,280 --> 00:43:06,880
the lift out at the wingtips with the

1336
00:43:03,840 --> 00:43:08,120
ailerons up?

1337
00:43:06,880 --> 00:43:08,800
Goes down, right? So, it helps to kind

1338
00:43:08,119 --> 00:43:10,599
of

1339
00:43:08,800 --> 00:43:11,720
push those wings back down again. So,

1340
00:43:10,599 --> 00:43:14,319
you're not trying to overstress the

1341
00:43:11,719 --> 00:43:16,119
airplane. Um there are limiters uh like

1342
00:43:14,320 --> 00:43:18,480
this all over the airplane such that you

1343
00:43:16,119 --> 00:43:19,639
won't over-G the airplane. You can't um

1344
00:43:18,480 --> 00:43:20,599
you know, literally, you can do anything

1345
00:43:19,639 --> 00:43:22,879
you want to this airplane. That's what

1346
00:43:20,599 --> 00:43:25,079
I'm telling you. It's easier to fly a

1347
00:43:22,880 --> 00:43:26,360
Raptor than it is to fly a Cessna

1348
00:43:25,079 --> 00:43:27,480
because you really have to pay attention

1349
00:43:26,360 --> 00:43:29,200
to what you're doing in a Cessna. In a

1350
00:43:27,480 --> 00:43:30,800
Raptor, I could put my kid in there and

1351
00:43:29,199 --> 00:43:32,079
he can do this all day at whatever speed

1352
00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:34,240
and nothing bad will happen to the

1353
00:43:32,079 --> 00:43:36,759
airplane. It's really quite spectacular

1354
00:43:34,239 --> 00:43:38,039
how they did that.

1355
00:43:36,760 --> 00:43:39,880
Uh the other part I'll give you here is

1356
00:43:38,039 --> 00:43:41,800
some of the command systems. So, if I'm

1357
00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:43,840
in a dogfight and I'm trying to shoot

1358
00:43:41,800 --> 00:43:46,600
the other guy, I'm going against a

1359
00:43:43,840 --> 00:43:48,840
maneuvering target. And so, the flight

1360
00:43:46,599 --> 00:43:51,400
controls transfer over to what's called

1361
00:43:48,840 --> 00:43:53,160
a G command system. So, if I'm

1362
00:43:51,400 --> 00:43:55,360
maneuvering at 4 Gs and I let go of the

1363
00:43:53,159 --> 00:43:56,399
stick, the airplane will stay at 4 Gs.

1364
00:43:55,360 --> 00:43:58,039
And if I see that the target's

1365
00:43:56,400 --> 00:43:59,639
maneuvering, I need to go to 6 Gs or 7

1366
00:43:58,039 --> 00:44:01,199
Gs, I'll put that in and the airplane

1367
00:43:59,639 --> 00:44:03,119
will keep that. So, in other words,

1368
00:44:01,199 --> 00:44:04,919
again, it's a vote, right? I'm not

1369
00:44:03,119 --> 00:44:07,159
physically connected to anything. I talk

1370
00:44:04,920 --> 00:44:08,840
to the computer and I say I want 6 Gs

1371
00:44:07,159 --> 00:44:11,119
and the airplane does all types of black

1372
00:44:08,840 --> 00:44:13,519
magic and sorcery behind me. And lo and

1373
00:44:11,119 --> 00:44:15,159
behold, the airplane gets to 6 to 7 Gs.

1374
00:44:13,519 --> 00:44:16,840
Um that really matters when you're in a

1375
00:44:15,159 --> 00:44:19,119
high maneuvering kind of situation. So,

1376
00:44:16,840 --> 00:44:22,320
it goes G command. Um when you're

1377
00:44:19,119 --> 00:44:25,358
slower, i.e., on landing, and I want to

1378
00:44:22,320 --> 00:44:26,600
put that flight path marker right on

1379
00:44:25,358 --> 00:44:27,759
that edge of the runway cuz that's where

1380
00:44:26,599 --> 00:44:30,519
I want to touch down right at the

1381
00:44:27,760 --> 00:44:31,920
1,000-ft markers, uh

1382
00:44:30,519 --> 00:44:34,039
then in that scenario, I'm not really

1383
00:44:31,920 --> 00:44:36,079
cared so much about G command. I care

1384
00:44:34,039 --> 00:44:38,039
about pitch rate. And so, it transitions

1385
00:44:36,079 --> 00:44:40,759
over to a pitch rate command. And if I

1386
00:44:38,039 --> 00:44:42,719
put no input on the stick, it says zero

1387
00:44:40,760 --> 00:44:44,120
pitch rate. Again, black magic and

1388
00:44:42,719 --> 00:44:45,199
sorcery will happen behind me. The

1389
00:44:44,119 --> 00:44:47,199
flight controls will do whatever they

1390
00:44:45,199 --> 00:44:49,559
need to do to make sure that my pitch

1391
00:44:47,199 --> 00:44:50,960
rate stays at zero. So, it transitions

1392
00:44:49,559 --> 00:44:52,920
from one type of flight control system

1393
00:44:50,960 --> 00:44:54,599
to the other. No pilot input whatsoever.

1394
00:44:52,920 --> 00:44:57,240
It's just based off of flight flight

1395
00:44:54,599 --> 00:44:58,400
command system.

1396
00:44:57,239 --> 00:44:59,679
All right. So, let's talk through a

1397
00:44:58,400 --> 00:45:01,639
couple of the implications of that and

1398
00:44:59,679 --> 00:45:03,199
then we'll go to questions at the end.

1399
00:45:01,639 --> 00:45:04,799
Um

1400
00:45:03,199 --> 00:45:07,079
Can you do the flight control video

1401
00:45:04,800 --> 00:45:08,560
Raptor at the top? It's about a minute.

1402
00:45:07,079 --> 00:45:09,559
And then

1403
00:45:08,559 --> 00:45:12,039
bring it up to full screen and hit

1404
00:45:09,559 --> 00:45:12,039
pause.

1405
00:45:27,480 --> 00:45:31,119
Thank you.

1406
00:45:28,840 --> 00:45:32,800
Okay, this one is uh full screen and

1407
00:45:31,119 --> 00:45:35,599
pause. Okay. And can you go back to the

1408
00:45:32,800 --> 00:45:35,600
beginning on it real quick?

1409
00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:40,840
Okay.

1410
00:45:37,719 --> 00:45:42,799
So, video in cockpit facing display

1411
00:45:40,840 --> 00:45:43,920
screens is a big no-no uh because you

1412
00:45:42,800 --> 00:45:45,680
could see stuff. So, we won't even

1413
00:45:43,920 --> 00:45:47,400
bother with that. Uh but what they did,

1414
00:45:45,679 --> 00:45:49,039
this is the Raptor flight demonstration

1415
00:45:47,400 --> 00:45:50,519
team. This is out of Langley Air Force

1416
00:45:49,039 --> 00:45:52,440
Base, Virginia. They mounted a camera in

1417
00:45:50,519 --> 00:45:55,000
the cockpit kind of facing aft. What I

1418
00:45:52,440 --> 00:45:56,920
love about this is again, you can see

1419
00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:58,840
real quick kind of what's going on with

1420
00:45:56,920 --> 00:46:01,159
the airplane. So, again, the leading

1421
00:45:58,840 --> 00:46:02,559
edge slats, there's no input from the

1422
00:46:01,159 --> 00:46:04,519
pilot other than just maneuvering.

1423
00:46:02,559 --> 00:46:06,119
They'll deploy wherever they need to.

1424
00:46:04,519 --> 00:46:07,239
You'll see the horizontal stabilators

1425
00:46:06,119 --> 00:46:08,480
and if you're close, you can actually

1426
00:46:07,239 --> 00:46:11,519
see what the ailerons are doing and what

1427
00:46:08,480 --> 00:46:12,960
the flaperons are doing. Um a neat trick

1428
00:46:11,519 --> 00:46:15,519
and we'll see this as they go into this

1429
00:46:12,960 --> 00:46:17,400
high-G demo.

1430
00:46:15,519 --> 00:46:18,639
Um you guys know about Have you This

1431
00:46:17,400 --> 00:46:20,440
gets a little bit advanced, but a thing

1432
00:46:18,639 --> 00:46:22,400
called static margin,

1433
00:46:20,440 --> 00:46:24,159
uh which is a stability thing about this

1434
00:46:22,400 --> 00:46:26,480
airplane. Again, this airplane in its

1435
00:46:24,159 --> 00:46:28,480
bare airframe configuration, no

1436
00:46:26,480 --> 00:46:31,280
hydraulics, no computers, nothing on

1437
00:46:28,480 --> 00:46:32,880
board the airplane, totally unstable. Um

1438
00:46:31,280 --> 00:46:35,000
what keeps it stable is the computer

1439
00:46:32,880 --> 00:46:36,680
itself. Um what you'll see is you'll see

1440
00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:38,000
this maneuver where he'll go into a G

1441
00:46:36,679 --> 00:46:39,759
turn and you'll see all those clouds

1442
00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:41,440
forming on the back end of the airplane.

1443
00:46:39,760 --> 00:46:43,840
Pay attention to what the leading edge

1444
00:46:41,440 --> 00:46:46,119
flaps are doing. They're digging in. The

1445
00:46:43,840 --> 00:46:47,800
horizontal stabilators, um you'll see

1446
00:46:46,119 --> 00:46:49,759
them initially move to get the turn

1447
00:46:47,800 --> 00:46:52,080
going, but then once established in the

1448
00:46:49,760 --> 00:46:54,760
turn, um the way it's controlling things

1449
00:46:52,079 --> 00:46:57,119
is it's moving around the uh aerodynamic

1450
00:46:54,760 --> 00:46:59,000
center and the the center of gravity.

1451
00:46:57,119 --> 00:47:00,559
It's doing that by dorking around a bit

1452
00:46:59,000 --> 00:47:01,840
with the lift on the wing and it's doing

1453
00:47:00,559 --> 00:47:03,840
that by deflecting the leading edge

1454
00:47:01,840 --> 00:47:04,960
flaps. So, that flight control surface

1455
00:47:03,840 --> 00:47:06,039
display I showed you earlier, the

1456
00:47:04,960 --> 00:47:08,159
horizontal stabilators will be

1457
00:47:06,039 --> 00:47:09,920
completely streamlined. And all of the

1458
00:47:08,159 --> 00:47:12,559
maneuvering is coming from the wing

1459
00:47:09,920 --> 00:47:14,119
itself, which is pretty amazing.

1460
00:47:12,559 --> 00:47:15,119
The next video? No, no, go go to flight

1461
00:47:14,119 --> 00:47:16,880
controls. We'll watch that.

1462
00:47:15,119 --> 00:47:18,799
I'll go back. Okay. Yep. And then we'll

1463
00:47:16,880 --> 00:47:20,440
just kind of watch as it goes through.

1464
00:47:18,800 --> 00:47:23,200
This time without the funky club music,

1465
00:47:20,440 --> 00:47:23,200
I guess hopefully.

1466
00:47:45,519 --> 00:47:49,159
Incidentally, watch flight controls in

1467
00:47:47,199 --> 00:47:50,559
the back.

1468
00:47:49,159 --> 00:47:51,159
Oh man, you need You need somebody

1469
00:47:50,559 --> 00:47:53,920
better here.

1470
00:47:51,159 --> 00:47:53,920
I know, totally.

1471
00:47:58,239 --> 00:48:01,759
So, at that speed again, it's a G

1472
00:47:59,679 --> 00:48:04,399
command system. Pilot is commanding a

1473
00:48:01,760 --> 00:48:05,920
certain G rate and minor deflections are

1474
00:48:04,400 --> 00:48:07,480
happening all the way here back along

1475
00:48:05,920 --> 00:48:09,680
the back edge of the airplane. Pilot has

1476
00:48:07,480 --> 00:48:11,639
no input on that. The system is doing

1477
00:48:09,679 --> 00:48:14,879
everything possible to command that G

1478
00:48:11,639 --> 00:48:14,879
that the pilot has asked for.

1479
00:48:15,519 --> 00:48:19,358
You'll see one other maneuver here.

1480
00:48:16,719 --> 00:48:22,159
Pause for a second.

1481
00:48:19,358 --> 00:48:25,079
So, what this maneuver is is and again,

1482
00:48:22,159 --> 00:48:27,079
right, slow speed, um airplane's going

1483
00:48:25,079 --> 00:48:29,480
straight up and what they're trying to

1484
00:48:27,079 --> 00:48:31,159
do is basically pitch forward completely

1485
00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:32,400
um and get the airplane So, it's almost

1486
00:48:31,159 --> 00:48:33,920
like you're flying an L. Like you're

1487
00:48:32,400 --> 00:48:35,720
going straight up and then you want to

1488
00:48:33,920 --> 00:48:37,720
pitch forward and then accelerate out

1489
00:48:35,719 --> 00:48:39,000
horizontally that way. Um the way it

1490
00:48:37,719 --> 00:48:40,639
gets that is through that that thrust

1491
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:42,119
vector and that happens. But as that

1492
00:48:40,639 --> 00:48:43,719
maneuver happens, again, all the pilot

1493
00:48:42,119 --> 00:48:46,000
is doing is just doing a direct push

1494
00:48:43,719 --> 00:48:47,319
forward on the stick. Watch what happens

1495
00:48:46,000 --> 00:48:49,239
to all the flight controls in the back

1496
00:48:47,320 --> 00:48:50,720
of the airplane to keep that airplane

1497
00:48:49,239 --> 00:48:53,279
going exactly where the air pilot wants

1498
00:48:50,719 --> 00:48:53,279
it to. Play.

1499
00:48:54,639 --> 00:48:58,480
So, you'll see huge deflections out of

1500
00:48:56,480 --> 00:49:01,320
that horizontal stabilator. It's kind of

1501
00:48:58,480 --> 00:49:01,320
neat. You can keep playing.

1502
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:16,840
So, what you're seeing there is um from

1503
00:49:15,880 --> 00:49:19,960
the outside of the airplane, we'll see

1504
00:49:16,840 --> 00:49:21,519
this more on the demo, is um the

1505
00:49:19,960 --> 00:49:23,199
airplane is essentially pirouetting in

1506
00:49:21,519 --> 00:49:24,719
the sky. So, it's falling straight down,

1507
00:49:23,199 --> 00:49:28,199
but it's very controllable. It's flying

1508
00:49:24,719 --> 00:49:29,959
at speeds about 60 to 65 mph, um but

1509
00:49:28,199 --> 00:49:31,519
very very controllable. And you'll see

1510
00:49:29,960 --> 00:49:33,159
every bit of flight control surface on

1511
00:49:31,519 --> 00:49:34,719
the back end of this airplane deflecting

1512
00:49:33,159 --> 00:49:36,399
to do what it needs to do. So, don't

1513
00:49:34,719 --> 00:49:38,879
think of it in terms of aileron,

1514
00:49:36,400 --> 00:49:41,440
elevator. It's a little bit fluid when

1515
00:49:38,880 --> 00:49:42,280
it comes to a Raptor. It's stuff stuff

1516
00:49:41,440 --> 00:49:44,400
happens back there.

1517
00:49:42,280 --> 00:49:45,720
Touch and go video? Okay, so this shows

1518
00:49:44,400 --> 00:49:48,240
a little bit of Yeah, you can go ahead

1519
00:49:45,719 --> 00:49:48,239
and play that.

1520
00:49:51,360 --> 00:49:55,160
And hit pause for a second. We'll just

1521
00:49:52,760 --> 00:49:57,320
do the setup.

1522
00:49:55,159 --> 00:49:58,279
Okay. So very quick, the setup for this

1523
00:49:57,320 --> 00:50:00,240
video

1524
00:49:58,280 --> 00:50:01,720
this is the downside of a digital flight

1525
00:50:00,239 --> 00:50:04,599
control system

1526
00:50:01,719 --> 00:50:06,919
cuz on this airplane again, it's it's

1527
00:50:04,599 --> 00:50:09,960
pure cables, pulleys, right? It's ratios

1528
00:50:06,920 --> 00:50:12,159
and gears and stuff like that, right?

1529
00:50:09,960 --> 00:50:13,720
This airplane, it's software code. It's

1530
00:50:12,159 --> 00:50:15,480
zeros and ones.

1531
00:50:13,719 --> 00:50:17,119
And you better get it right. And

1532
00:50:15,480 --> 00:50:19,280
everything is interconnected. We talked

1533
00:50:17,119 --> 00:50:20,639
about how moving the gear handle tells

1534
00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:22,240
the flight control system something

1535
00:50:20,639 --> 00:50:23,879
different. If I open the air refueling

1536
00:50:22,239 --> 00:50:26,399
door, it tells the flight control

1537
00:50:23,880 --> 00:50:28,960
something different. In this case, the

1538
00:50:26,400 --> 00:50:32,039
power setting of the airplane

1539
00:50:28,960 --> 00:50:34,039
tells the airplane something different.

1540
00:50:32,039 --> 00:50:35,759
This guy, one of my good friends, test

1541
00:50:34,039 --> 00:50:37,480
pilot, outstanding guy, so don't think

1542
00:50:35,760 --> 00:50:40,720
of this as he's a bad pilot. He's not.

1543
00:50:37,480 --> 00:50:42,840
He's awesome. But the jet believed

1544
00:50:40,719 --> 00:50:44,359
something that wasn't really true

1545
00:50:42,840 --> 00:50:46,720
because there was an error in how the

1546
00:50:44,360 --> 00:50:48,800
software was coded. And you'll see the

1547
00:50:46,719 --> 00:50:50,159
first approach he'll do an approach

1548
00:50:48,800 --> 00:50:51,720
he'll take off again at what's called

1549
00:50:50,159 --> 00:50:52,879
military power, so they're not using

1550
00:50:51,719 --> 00:50:55,480
afterburner.

1551
00:50:52,880 --> 00:50:57,400
And the airplane behaves just fine.

1552
00:50:55,480 --> 00:50:58,960
The next time around he goes around

1553
00:50:57,400 --> 00:51:00,160
using afterburner power, so you'll see

1554
00:50:58,960 --> 00:51:02,559
fire come out of the back end of the

1555
00:51:00,159 --> 00:51:04,960
airplane. And that changes something in

1556
00:51:02,559 --> 00:51:07,239
the flight system for the engines which

1557
00:51:04,960 --> 00:51:08,920
tells the flight control computer a

1558
00:51:07,239 --> 00:51:11,000
different condition. And what ended up

1559
00:51:08,920 --> 00:51:13,840
happening is that the gains, if you

1560
00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:15,719
will, of the stick were completely off.

1561
00:51:13,840 --> 00:51:17,640
So again, this would be like if you were

1562
00:51:15,719 --> 00:51:19,000
on the highway speed and that same wheel

1563
00:51:17,639 --> 00:51:20,719
deflection you would use to park your

1564
00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:22,880
car in your garage, now that little

1565
00:51:20,719 --> 00:51:25,199
deflection of your wheel makes that same

1566
00:51:22,880 --> 00:51:27,480
turn of the tires up front. So you get

1567
00:51:25,199 --> 00:51:30,000
into what's called a pilot induced

1568
00:51:27,480 --> 00:51:31,320
oscillation PIO, which basically says

1569
00:51:30,000 --> 00:51:32,800
you're out of phase with the airplane.

1570
00:51:31,320 --> 00:51:34,320
If I'm driving my car and I turn the

1571
00:51:32,800 --> 00:51:36,039
steering wheel right, the car's going

1572
00:51:34,320 --> 00:51:37,640
left. As it's going left, I'm trying to

1573
00:51:36,039 --> 00:51:39,079
correct it I go right. Now the thing

1574
00:51:37,639 --> 00:51:40,759
goes right. And so you get out of phase

1575
00:51:39,079 --> 00:51:42,400
with the airplane. And you'll see what

1576
00:51:40,760 --> 00:51:43,200
happens. Go ahead and play.

1577
00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:45,039
By the way, you see all the flight

1578
00:51:43,199 --> 00:51:46,839
control surfaces deflecting in the back?

1579
00:51:45,039 --> 00:51:48,639
This is now in a pitch rate system, so

1580
00:51:46,840 --> 00:51:50,000
he's just trying to land the airplane.

1581
00:51:48,639 --> 00:51:51,639
The back of the airplane does whatever

1582
00:51:50,000 --> 00:51:55,239
it needs to do to keep that flight path

1583
00:51:51,639 --> 00:51:55,239
marker exactly where it needs to go.

1584
00:51:57,920 --> 00:52:00,840
And again, all the flight control

1585
00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:02,519
surfaces deflected military power cuz

1586
00:52:00,840 --> 00:52:04,360
the engines are are black, if you will,

1587
00:52:02,519 --> 00:52:06,320
on this one. On the next time around,

1588
00:52:04,360 --> 00:52:08,039
you'll see him maneuver with

1589
00:52:06,320 --> 00:52:11,519
afterburner. And you'll see him get into

1590
00:52:08,039 --> 00:52:11,519
this pitch induced oscillation.

1591
00:52:18,480 --> 00:52:23,480
That's the chase airplane, by the way.

1592
00:52:19,639 --> 00:52:23,480
It's an F-16 that follows him around.

1593
00:52:29,199 --> 00:52:32,599
So same thing getting set up to land.

1594
00:52:30,760 --> 00:52:34,360
The camera goes out of focus here for a

1595
00:52:32,599 --> 00:52:35,639
second, comes back in.

1596
00:52:34,360 --> 00:52:36,680
Again, just notice everything that's

1597
00:52:35,639 --> 00:52:38,719
happening on the back end of this

1598
00:52:36,679 --> 00:52:42,039
airplane to keep that pitch rate where

1599
00:52:38,719 --> 00:52:42,039
the pilot has commanded it to.

1600
00:52:45,159 --> 00:52:48,000
Two things will happen here. He selects

1601
00:52:46,440 --> 00:52:50,240
afterburner and he raises the gear. That

1602
00:52:48,000 --> 00:52:53,400
changes the flight control laws. And the

1603
00:52:50,239 --> 00:52:56,639
gains were not set correctly.

1604
00:52:53,400 --> 00:52:57,599
There's the afterburner. And now you see

1605
00:52:56,639 --> 00:52:58,759
where he's out of phase with the

1606
00:52:57,599 --> 00:52:59,679
airplane.

1607
00:52:58,760 --> 00:53:01,240
And he's doing everything to keep the

1608
00:52:59,679 --> 00:53:04,159
airplane from hitting the ground. And

1609
00:53:01,239 --> 00:53:04,159
can't can't avoid it.

1610
00:53:04,519 --> 00:53:07,079
He's okay.

1611
00:53:07,960 --> 00:53:10,760
But the airplane was fairly well scraped

1612
00:53:09,199 --> 00:53:12,359
up, you can imagine.

1613
00:53:10,760 --> 00:53:14,200
So it's it's just a danger, right? The

1614
00:53:12,360 --> 00:53:16,200
digital flight controls allow a lot of

1615
00:53:14,199 --> 00:53:17,679
flexibility and creativity.

1616
00:53:16,199 --> 00:53:19,439
There used to be a term it's only

1617
00:53:17,679 --> 00:53:22,559
software, you know, we can figure it

1618
00:53:19,440 --> 00:53:25,320
out. Not true when you're dealing with

1619
00:53:22,559 --> 00:53:26,759
you know, vehicles like this where small

1620
00:53:25,320 --> 00:53:28,519
changes in software code can have

1621
00:53:26,760 --> 00:53:30,520
dramatic implications on the ability of

1622
00:53:28,519 --> 00:53:32,159
the airplane. So takes

1623
00:53:30,519 --> 00:53:33,400
amazing amount of uh

1624
00:53:32,159 --> 00:53:34,759
demo? Yep, you can go ahead and do

1625
00:53:33,400 --> 00:53:37,400
Raptor demo. And with that we can go

1626
00:53:34,760 --> 00:53:40,080
questions cuz I'm a little bit over. Uh

1627
00:53:37,400 --> 00:53:41,599
No, it's fine. Okay.

1628
00:53:40,079 --> 00:53:44,880
So we we can play this full speed or

1629
00:53:41,599 --> 00:53:44,880
full full screen, if you will.

1630
00:53:47,079 --> 00:53:48,440
You want to take questions while it's

1631
00:53:48,159 --> 00:53:49,839
running?

1632
00:53:48,440 --> 00:53:52,039
Yeah. Yeah, so this is from another good

1633
00:53:49,840 --> 00:53:53,400
buddy of mine, guy named Zeke Skalicky,

1634
00:53:52,039 --> 00:53:54,800
who was the Raptor demo pilot,

1635
00:53:53,400 --> 00:53:56,519
outstanding guy.

1636
00:53:54,800 --> 00:53:57,400
Um but this is the Raptor demo, if

1637
00:53:56,519 --> 00:53:58,358
you've ever seen it. So we'll we'll take

1638
00:53:57,400 --> 00:54:00,599
some questions while this is going. Go

1639
00:53:58,358 --> 00:54:03,440
ahead.

1640
00:54:00,599 --> 00:54:07,719
So on F-22 Yeah, greater than one to

1641
00:54:03,440 --> 00:54:09,519
one. So the airplane about 63, 64,000 lb

1642
00:54:07,719 --> 00:54:11,799
normally it's on takeoff.

1643
00:54:09,519 --> 00:54:14,440
The thrust coming out the back is 70,000

1644
00:54:11,800 --> 00:54:16,200
lb. So on a nice cold day, like if

1645
00:54:14,440 --> 00:54:17,920
you're close enough to sea level, you

1646
00:54:16,199 --> 00:54:21,039
will actually go faster than the speed

1647
00:54:17,920 --> 00:54:23,440
of sound while you're climbing up. Which

1648
00:54:21,039 --> 00:54:23,440
is cool.

1649
00:54:23,519 --> 00:54:27,039
Yeah, yeah, but please

1650
00:54:24,599 --> 00:54:29,000
thrust vectoring while taking off?

1651
00:54:27,039 --> 00:54:30,480
I Let's try to

1652
00:54:29,000 --> 00:54:33,559
Oh yeah, try to repeat the question if

1653
00:54:30,480 --> 00:54:35,320
you can. Oh, sorry. Cuz he's not miked.

1654
00:54:33,559 --> 00:54:36,920
So the question was Well one, the

1655
00:54:35,320 --> 00:54:38,080
question was is thrust to weight ratio.

1656
00:54:36,920 --> 00:54:40,800
It's greater than one to one, a little

1657
00:54:38,079 --> 00:54:41,840
bit greater than one to one on takeoff.

1658
00:54:40,800 --> 00:54:43,560
By the way, watch this maneuver here

1659
00:54:41,840 --> 00:54:45,160
real quick. So that's the thrust

1660
00:54:43,559 --> 00:54:47,039
vectoring

1661
00:54:45,159 --> 00:54:48,239
kind of kicking in to really get the

1662
00:54:47,039 --> 00:54:49,639
airplane. So initially that's the flight

1663
00:54:48,239 --> 00:54:51,519
control surfaces. And then as things

1664
00:54:49,639 --> 00:54:52,799
slow down, the thrust vectoring kicks in

1665
00:54:51,519 --> 00:54:55,519
to basically turn the airplane into a

1666
00:54:52,800 --> 00:54:55,519
flat plate.

1667
00:54:55,800 --> 00:54:59,400
Second question was about the thrust

1668
00:54:57,280 --> 00:55:01,040
vectoring on takeoff. So it'll put in a

1669
00:54:59,400 --> 00:55:02,559
little bit up, not much, just a little

1670
00:55:01,039 --> 00:55:05,480
bit up just to help the nose rotate.

1671
00:55:02,559 --> 00:55:07,279
Just just a tad.

1672
00:55:05,480 --> 00:55:10,119
This is that high angle of attack kind

1673
00:55:07,280 --> 00:55:10,120
of maneuver, if you will.

1674
00:55:12,480 --> 00:55:16,559
Keep going. It's all good questions.

1675
00:55:14,880 --> 00:55:18,440
Yeah. You said all the software's

1676
00:55:16,559 --> 00:55:20,079
written so basically so the plane can't

1677
00:55:18,440 --> 00:55:21,800
damage itself. So this is the pilot

1678
00:55:20,079 --> 00:55:24,199
becoming a limiter? Yes. You in

1679
00:55:21,800 --> 00:55:25,519
situations where it can hurt you? Yeah,

1680
00:55:24,199 --> 00:55:27,799
very much so. In fact, we've kind of

1681
00:55:25,519 --> 00:55:29,960
achieved that spot now where the pilot

1682
00:55:27,800 --> 00:55:31,280
very much is limiting the performance of

1683
00:55:29,960 --> 00:55:33,720
the airplane itself cuz the airplane can

1684
00:55:31,280 --> 00:55:35,560
do so much more. What you So this is

1685
00:55:33,719 --> 00:55:37,599
what's called a fifth generation

1686
00:55:35,559 --> 00:55:39,400
fighter. First generation was like an

1687
00:55:37,599 --> 00:55:40,960
old Korean War

1688
00:55:39,400 --> 00:55:42,960
like F-86 kind of airplane. And then

1689
00:55:40,960 --> 00:55:44,599
successively through the generations,

1690
00:55:42,960 --> 00:55:46,720
you arrive at this fifth generation,

1691
00:55:44,599 --> 00:55:49,119
which to me is the pinnacle of what you

1692
00:55:46,719 --> 00:55:51,639
could get with a human and an airplane

1693
00:55:49,119 --> 00:55:54,079
together. Sixth generation is going to

1694
00:55:51,639 --> 00:55:56,199
involve teaming this airplane with

1695
00:55:54,079 --> 00:55:57,920
unmanned airplanes. And the unmanned

1696
00:55:56,199 --> 00:55:59,599
airplanes are going to have a lot more

1697
00:55:57,920 --> 00:56:00,840
capability from a maneuvering standpoint

1698
00:55:59,599 --> 00:56:02,920
because they don't have the limitation

1699
00:56:00,840 --> 00:56:04,440
of the pilot and all the life support

1700
00:56:02,920 --> 00:56:05,920
systems that come with it and everything

1701
00:56:04,440 --> 00:56:07,358
else. So all that weight you would

1702
00:56:05,920 --> 00:56:09,800
normally devote to that, you can get

1703
00:56:07,358 --> 00:56:10,920
away with putting other stuff in there.

1704
00:56:09,800 --> 00:56:13,359
When I was telling you it flies about

1705
00:56:10,920 --> 00:56:14,720
the same speed as like a Cessna,

1706
00:56:13,358 --> 00:56:15,759
I mean this is those types of maneuvers

1707
00:56:14,719 --> 00:56:17,199
there where you can get away with that.

1708
00:56:15,760 --> 00:56:20,480
Again, watch the flight control surfaces

1709
00:56:17,199 --> 00:56:20,480
in the back and what's going on.

1710
00:56:20,800 --> 00:56:23,760
Later on they'll do a pass where he'll

1711
00:56:22,440 --> 00:56:25,400
open up the doors and you can see the

1712
00:56:23,760 --> 00:56:26,640
main weapon bay, which is underneath the

1713
00:56:25,400 --> 00:56:28,559
airplane belly. And then you'll see the

1714
00:56:26,639 --> 00:56:29,879
side weapon bay doors. So you can kind

1715
00:56:28,559 --> 00:56:31,799
of see kind of where all the weapons are

1716
00:56:29,880 --> 00:56:33,559
carried inside the airplane. Again, a

1717
00:56:31,800 --> 00:56:34,960
huge center of gravity challenge.

1718
00:56:33,559 --> 00:56:38,239
Incidentally, so so here's a maneuver

1719
00:56:34,960 --> 00:56:38,240
there so you can see the doors open.

1720
00:56:39,559 --> 00:56:42,920
One thing I didn't really tell you about

1721
00:56:40,760 --> 00:56:44,440
is so in that situation cuz you know,

1722
00:56:42,920 --> 00:56:45,920
missiles weigh a couple hundred pounds a

1723
00:56:44,440 --> 00:56:47,400
piece or so. Some of the bombs are about

1724
00:56:45,920 --> 00:56:48,720
a thousand pounds a piece. When you lose

1725
00:56:47,400 --> 00:56:50,599
all that weight immediately, it's

1726
00:56:48,719 --> 00:56:52,358
literally like dropping a car off the

1727
00:56:50,599 --> 00:56:54,119
front end of the airplane. The way that

1728
00:56:52,358 --> 00:56:56,358
it fixes that center of gravity issue is

1729
00:56:54,119 --> 00:56:58,599
by changing fuel inside the airplane. So

1730
00:56:56,358 --> 00:57:00,519
it sloshes fuel forward or back to keep

1731
00:56:58,599 --> 00:57:02,319
the center of gravity again completely

1732
00:57:00,519 --> 00:57:03,679
pilot There's no fuel control panel

1733
00:57:02,320 --> 00:57:05,039
where I go, well, move this and click

1734
00:57:03,679 --> 00:57:07,480
this and whatever. It does it all

1735
00:57:05,039 --> 00:57:09,759
completely automatically. Go ahead.

1736
00:57:07,480 --> 00:57:09,760
Yeah.

1737
00:57:11,239 --> 00:57:15,679
The sensors that you can use? So all of

1738
00:57:13,159 --> 00:57:17,679
the fuel tanks are are instrumented.

1739
00:57:15,679 --> 00:57:19,679
So you know the status of fuel in terms

1740
00:57:17,679 --> 00:57:22,039
of where things are set up.

1741
00:57:19,679 --> 00:57:23,358
It you tell it what Actually, it has the

1742
00:57:22,039 --> 00:57:24,679
ability to know what's on the airplane.

1743
00:57:23,358 --> 00:57:26,079
So when you load a missile, it goes, oh,

1744
00:57:24,679 --> 00:57:27,879
it's this type of missile. And it goes

1745
00:57:26,079 --> 00:57:29,599
it weighs this much. And it knows the

1746
00:57:27,880 --> 00:57:32,519
mass properties of it. And so it sets it

1747
00:57:29,599 --> 00:57:32,519
up from there.

1748
00:57:32,880 --> 00:57:35,880
So

1749
00:57:34,199 --> 00:57:37,039
it actually identifies that all by

1750
00:57:35,880 --> 00:57:39,240
itself.

1751
00:57:37,039 --> 00:57:40,400
So like in a in a Cirrus, you have to go

1752
00:57:39,239 --> 00:57:42,199
you have to actually pull up a screen on

1753
00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:44,160
the Cirrus and go, my passenger weighs

1754
00:57:42,199 --> 00:57:45,439
this and I've got this baggage on board.

1755
00:57:44,159 --> 00:57:47,759
And and then it gives you the picture of

1756
00:57:45,440 --> 00:57:48,760
where the center of gravity is. Um this

1757
00:57:47,760 --> 00:57:50,520
thing because it's all digital, the

1758
00:57:48,760 --> 00:57:52,200
missile has a little connector rod that

1759
00:57:50,519 --> 00:57:54,039
connects in and it says, behold, I'm a

1760
00:57:52,199 --> 00:57:56,079
missile.

1761
00:57:54,039 --> 00:57:59,800
Oh, the pilot weight doesn't matter

1762
00:57:56,079 --> 00:58:01,719
because they they they spec it well

1763
00:57:59,800 --> 00:58:03,760
it matters, but for a different reason.

1764
00:58:01,719 --> 00:58:05,959
It matters for the ejection seat

1765
00:58:03,760 --> 00:58:08,520
predominantly. Because the ejection seat

1766
00:58:05,960 --> 00:58:10,240
you know, I think it's like 135 lb is

1767
00:58:08,519 --> 00:58:13,358
the light It's something like that. 115,

1768
00:58:10,239 --> 00:58:15,159
135 to like 220 or something. It's

1769
00:58:13,358 --> 00:58:16,480
something around that spot.

1770
00:58:15,159 --> 00:58:18,559
So to be able to be within the safe

1771
00:58:16,480 --> 00:58:21,358
envelope of the ejection seat, that's

1772
00:58:18,559 --> 00:58:23,199
where the weight of the pilot matters.

1773
00:58:21,358 --> 00:58:24,840
But they they spec the center of gravity

1774
00:58:23,199 --> 00:58:26,439
such that so long as

1775
00:58:24,840 --> 00:58:27,800
really anyone can sit up front and

1776
00:58:26,440 --> 00:58:29,519
you're not going to throw off the CG of

1777
00:58:27,800 --> 00:58:31,560
the airplane. Even though you're way far

1778
00:58:29,519 --> 00:58:33,358
forward of the of the CG and there there

1779
00:58:31,559 --> 00:58:34,199
there there's a moment arm there.

1780
00:58:33,358 --> 00:58:35,639
But between everything else in the

1781
00:58:34,199 --> 00:58:37,879
cockpit, I mean that ejection seat is

1782
00:58:35,639 --> 00:58:39,639
ridiculously heavy. And all the avionics

1783
00:58:37,880 --> 00:58:40,559
that sit up front, the radars up front.

1784
00:58:39,639 --> 00:58:42,719
I mean all these things that sit up

1785
00:58:40,559 --> 00:58:45,920
there have far more of a contribution to

1786
00:58:42,719 --> 00:58:47,480
the center of gravity than you do.

1787
00:58:45,920 --> 00:58:49,639
Unless you're like Shaq or something

1788
00:58:47,480 --> 00:58:52,280
like that. But go ahead.

1789
00:58:49,639 --> 00:58:54,639
Is it on the either flight cockpit or on

1790
00:58:52,280 --> 00:58:57,000
the helmet screen?

1791
00:58:54,639 --> 00:58:58,358
So in this airplane, not yet. That's

1792
00:58:57,000 --> 00:59:00,159
coming along soon. Some of the older

1793
00:58:58,358 --> 00:59:01,920
airplanes, believe it or not, have that.

1794
00:59:00,159 --> 00:59:04,719
Like the F-15 that I flew, you had a

1795
00:59:01,920 --> 00:59:06,480
special helmet that had all of the

1796
00:59:04,719 --> 00:59:07,599
information displayed on the visor

1797
00:59:06,480 --> 00:59:09,119
itself.

1798
00:59:07,599 --> 00:59:10,358
So in addition to that hands-on throttle

1799
00:59:09,119 --> 00:59:11,799
and stick, so I don't have to take my

1800
00:59:10,358 --> 00:59:13,880
hands off of anything to touch anything

1801
00:59:11,800 --> 00:59:16,320
in the cockpit. I also don't have to

1802
00:59:13,880 --> 00:59:18,880
look in the cockpit to see altitude,

1803
00:59:16,320 --> 00:59:20,519
airspeed, heading. It's it's all

1804
00:59:18,880 --> 00:59:22,720
displayed to me

1805
00:59:20,519 --> 00:59:24,920
up front. This airplane eventually will

1806
00:59:22,719 --> 00:59:26,639
get that. It it didn't make the This is

1807
00:59:24,920 --> 00:59:28,480
a programmatic discussion now, right?

1808
00:59:26,639 --> 00:59:30,319
They They only had so many dollars to

1809
00:59:28,480 --> 00:59:32,440
spend and they said this airplane is so

1810
00:59:30,320 --> 00:59:34,000
awesome that it shouldn't need a helmet

1811
00:59:32,440 --> 00:59:36,240
mounted display system because it should

1812
00:59:34,000 --> 00:59:38,360
be able to see uh all the bad guys from

1813
00:59:36,239 --> 00:59:40,000
far enough away and not be a problem.

1814
00:59:38,360 --> 00:59:41,880
We fielded the airplane that way and

1815
00:59:40,000 --> 00:59:43,960
every pilot So, the first batch of

1816
00:59:41,880 --> 00:59:45,440
pilots, they all transitioned from

1817
00:59:43,960 --> 00:59:47,159
airplanes that had that helmet mounted

1818
00:59:45,440 --> 00:59:48,679
system and they came to this airplane

1819
00:59:47,159 --> 00:59:50,799
where it didn't have it and they were

1820
00:59:48,679 --> 00:59:52,359
pissed. They're like, "We We got to have

1821
00:59:50,800 --> 00:59:53,600
that back." Right? So, that's kind of

1822
00:59:52,360 --> 00:59:56,000
where a lot of the efforts now are going

1823
00:59:53,599 --> 00:59:58,159
to modernize the airplane a bit.

1824
00:59:56,000 --> 01:00:00,239
What else? Good questions. Good. Yeah.

1825
00:59:58,159 --> 01:00:01,759
Yeah, why do they still need humans in

1826
01:00:00,239 --> 01:00:04,159
the cockpit? Why not just go for

1827
01:00:01,760 --> 01:00:06,360
unmanned systems?

1828
01:00:04,159 --> 01:00:08,319
It is It is the great debate of the

1829
01:00:06,360 --> 01:00:09,519
fighter community right now and you're

1830
01:00:08,320 --> 01:00:12,640
really touching on something really

1831
01:00:09,519 --> 01:00:16,000
really deep. Um

1832
01:00:12,639 --> 01:00:17,279
The best answer so far is that the

1833
01:00:16,000 --> 01:00:18,559
greatest I mean, we talked a lot about

1834
01:00:17,280 --> 01:00:20,120
the hardware and the systems on board

1835
01:00:18,559 --> 01:00:21,960
the airplane. Really, the greatest piece

1836
01:00:20,119 --> 01:00:24,679
of capability on the airplane is the

1837
01:00:21,960 --> 01:00:27,280
mind of the person flying

1838
01:00:24,679 --> 01:00:29,759
uh up front. If it's a very dynamic and

1839
01:00:27,280 --> 01:00:31,640
changing environment, uh to be able to

1840
01:00:29,760 --> 01:00:32,960
tell a machine to be able to incorporate

1841
01:00:31,639 --> 01:00:35,519
all those inputs and make the right

1842
01:00:32,960 --> 01:00:36,760
decisions based on that, kind of hard to

1843
01:00:35,519 --> 01:00:38,280
do right now. I'm not saying we're not

1844
01:00:36,760 --> 01:00:40,440
going to get there. Just right now it's

1845
01:00:38,280 --> 01:00:42,160
it's difficult. Where Where we use

1846
01:00:40,440 --> 01:00:43,559
unmanned systems a lot now is like in

1847
01:00:42,159 --> 01:00:44,759
surveillance

1848
01:00:43,559 --> 01:00:46,279
uh missions where you can just launch

1849
01:00:44,760 --> 01:00:47,840
the thing and it's got a pre-programmed

1850
01:00:46,280 --> 01:00:50,080
navigation and it knows what it needs to

1851
01:00:47,840 --> 01:00:51,000
do and it can set things up. Um those

1852
01:00:50,079 --> 01:00:52,880
are

1853
01:00:51,000 --> 01:00:54,280
somewhat bounded problems. Probably the

1854
01:00:52,880 --> 01:00:56,360
best way to to describe it where you

1855
01:00:54,280 --> 01:00:57,880
could use an unmanned system for that.

1856
01:00:56,360 --> 01:01:00,079
Where it gets difficult is in combat

1857
01:00:57,880 --> 01:01:03,960
situation, it's it's extremely dynamic.

1858
01:01:00,079 --> 01:01:05,799
It's It's Battle Royale, WWF, mosh pit,

1859
01:01:03,960 --> 01:01:07,800
any possible chaotic situation you can

1860
01:01:05,800 --> 01:01:09,880
put. That's kind of what it looks like.

1861
01:01:07,800 --> 01:01:11,720
Um and so, having a human mind attached

1862
01:01:09,880 --> 01:01:13,280
in that environment to be able to adapt

1863
01:01:11,719 --> 01:01:14,759
and do what the mind does better than a

1864
01:01:13,280 --> 01:01:17,080
machine does at least right now. That's

1865
01:01:14,760 --> 01:01:18,320
the main argument to keep humans in the

1866
01:01:17,079 --> 01:01:20,519
system.

1867
01:01:18,320 --> 01:01:22,840
For now. Right?

1868
01:01:20,519 --> 01:01:22,840
Yeah.

1869
01:01:28,519 --> 01:01:31,719
Yeah, it is. Um

1870
01:01:31,840 --> 01:01:35,840
Yeah, the question is is that if you

1871
01:01:33,280 --> 01:01:37,400
operate these things remotely, so even

1872
01:01:35,840 --> 01:01:39,519
if you had so, you know, classic

1873
01:01:37,400 --> 01:01:40,840
example, we'll use Sully Sullenberger,

1874
01:01:39,519 --> 01:01:43,000
all right, as a cuz we talked about

1875
01:01:40,840 --> 01:01:44,400
Sully in the previous one. Uh you take

1876
01:01:43,000 --> 01:01:46,159
off out of LaGuardia, you lose both

1877
01:01:44,400 --> 01:01:48,559
engines. Um if you could have a remote

1878
01:01:46,159 --> 01:01:50,440
pilot sitting somewhere else that could

1879
01:01:48,559 --> 01:01:51,960
take over and decide land on the Hudson

1880
01:01:50,440 --> 01:01:53,320
because a machine most likely wouldn't

1881
01:01:51,960 --> 01:01:55,599
have made that choice.

1882
01:01:53,320 --> 01:01:57,240
Um is there a time lag issue? The answer

1883
01:01:55,599 --> 01:01:59,159
is 100% yes.

1884
01:01:57,239 --> 01:02:00,719
Um there is a time lag issue between uh

1885
01:01:59,159 --> 01:02:02,359
getting that information display down,

1886
01:02:00,719 --> 01:02:05,439
make the input, that input goes back up

1887
01:02:02,360 --> 01:02:08,079
and comes back over. Um a thing we've

1888
01:02:05,440 --> 01:02:09,200
done at test pilot school is, remember

1889
01:02:08,079 --> 01:02:10,559
we showed earlier that flight path

1890
01:02:09,199 --> 01:02:12,480
marker?

1891
01:02:10,559 --> 01:02:13,719
Uh where as a pilot you put the flight

1892
01:02:12,480 --> 01:02:15,240
path marker and that's exactly where

1893
01:02:13,719 --> 01:02:17,039
your airplane's going to go. If there's

1894
01:02:15,239 --> 01:02:18,959
a time lag, that will actually mess you

1895
01:02:17,039 --> 01:02:20,239
up because there's some second or two

1896
01:02:18,960 --> 01:02:21,960
delay between what you're seeing and

1897
01:02:20,239 --> 01:02:23,319
what the airplane's actually going. At

1898
01:02:21,960 --> 01:02:25,360
test pilot school, they actually built a

1899
01:02:23,320 --> 01:02:28,200
flight test a flight path marker that

1900
01:02:25,360 --> 01:02:29,280
accounts for that time delay. If it

1901
01:02:28,199 --> 01:02:31,399
knows that time delay, it'll actually

1902
01:02:29,280 --> 01:02:33,000
account for it. So, you could fly the

1903
01:02:31,400 --> 01:02:34,599
airplane remotely

1904
01:02:33,000 --> 01:02:36,320
um even with the time lag and still be

1905
01:02:34,599 --> 01:02:38,000
able to do very high gain tasks like

1906
01:02:36,320 --> 01:02:39,320
land the airplane for instance where

1907
01:02:38,000 --> 01:02:41,360
things are changing very rapidly. So,

1908
01:02:39,320 --> 01:02:42,840
it's it's a new science, not fully

1909
01:02:41,360 --> 01:02:44,880
fleshed out yet, but the but the proof

1910
01:02:42,840 --> 01:02:46,800
of concept has been demonstrated to

1911
01:02:44,880 --> 01:02:49,280
control an airplane remotely

1912
01:02:46,800 --> 01:02:50,880
um even with the time lag.

1913
01:02:49,280 --> 01:02:52,280
Who really cares about that right now?

1914
01:02:50,880 --> 01:02:54,400
Are the airlines.

1915
01:02:52,280 --> 01:02:56,000
Because uh to be very frank, uh the

1916
01:02:54,400 --> 01:02:57,400
pilots tend to be a pain in the butt for

1917
01:02:56,000 --> 01:02:58,880
an airline company.

1918
01:02:57,400 --> 01:03:00,400
Um and if you can remove the pilots and

1919
01:02:58,880 --> 01:03:02,760
just have a remote operating system or

1920
01:03:00,400 --> 01:03:04,840
even an autonomous system, uh to the

1921
01:03:02,760 --> 01:03:06,080
from a business standpoint, the company

1922
01:03:04,840 --> 01:03:08,039
really likes that from an aviation

1923
01:03:06,079 --> 01:03:10,440
standpoint. It triggers all types of

1924
01:03:08,039 --> 01:03:12,039
discussions in a lot of other issues.

1925
01:03:10,440 --> 01:03:13,960
Um but that's one question. Good. Let me

1926
01:03:12,039 --> 01:03:15,800
jump Let me jump in for a minute with

1927
01:03:13,960 --> 01:03:18,639
that. I think actually, to me, one of

1928
01:03:15,800 --> 01:03:20,480
the holy grails of GA safety would be to

1929
01:03:18,639 --> 01:03:21,759
have uh

1930
01:03:20,480 --> 01:03:22,320
a

1931
01:03:21,760 --> 01:03:24,560
uh

1932
01:03:22,320 --> 01:03:26,400
human co-pilot perhaps, you know, on the

1933
01:03:24,559 --> 01:03:29,480
ground. So, if you had that kind of

1934
01:03:26,400 --> 01:03:31,119
telemetry that you have in a in a drone,

1935
01:03:29,480 --> 01:03:32,519
uh you know, human somewhere else could

1936
01:03:31,119 --> 01:03:34,159
say, you know, "You're running a little

1937
01:03:32,519 --> 01:03:36,119
short on fuel." Or you forgot to change

1938
01:03:34,159 --> 01:03:37,279
tanks. All the things that a human

1939
01:03:36,119 --> 01:03:39,359
uh co-pilot could do right in the

1940
01:03:37,280 --> 01:03:40,920
cockpit, you know, most of that safety,

1941
01:03:39,360 --> 01:03:43,800
running checklist could be probably

1942
01:03:40,920 --> 01:03:45,760
enhanced Yep. Uh remotely. So, that

1943
01:03:43,800 --> 01:03:47,920
would be a great add to a Cessna or a

1944
01:03:45,760 --> 01:03:49,120
Piper even. And you see a little bit now

1945
01:03:47,920 --> 01:03:50,079
in some of the more advanced airplanes

1946
01:03:49,119 --> 01:03:51,599
like we talked a little bit about if I

1947
01:03:50,079 --> 01:03:53,119
have an engine problem in the Raptor, I

1948
01:03:51,599 --> 01:03:54,199
literally do nothing. I just sit there

1949
01:03:53,119 --> 01:03:55,960
and stare at the clouds and go, "Wow,

1950
01:03:54,199 --> 01:03:58,239
what a lovely day." And the computer

1951
01:03:55,960 --> 01:04:00,119
fixes it for me. Right? Um there are

1952
01:03:58,239 --> 01:04:01,358
other scenarios where the jet will tell

1953
01:04:00,119 --> 01:04:03,159
me, "Hey, you've got a generator

1954
01:04:01,358 --> 01:04:05,480
problem." and then immediately pull up

1955
01:04:03,159 --> 01:04:08,119
the checklist for the generator failure

1956
01:04:05,480 --> 01:04:10,000
to allow me to fix it. So, you see some

1957
01:04:08,119 --> 01:04:11,400
basic automation right now kind of

1958
01:04:10,000 --> 01:04:13,480
already in play. Couple other questions,

1959
01:04:11,400 --> 01:04:16,400
I know we're running short. Good.

1960
01:04:13,480 --> 01:04:16,400
I'm good. Yeah.

1961
01:04:25,000 --> 01:04:29,559
Yeah, if it's a uh so, it's We have two

1962
01:04:27,519 --> 01:04:31,000
terms. One's called beyond visual range,

1963
01:04:29,559 --> 01:04:33,719
which means I can't see the other guy

1964
01:04:31,000 --> 01:04:36,320
with my eyes, um but my sensors can see

1965
01:04:33,719 --> 01:04:38,079
him. Um and if I'm shooting missiles

1966
01:04:36,320 --> 01:04:40,200
long distance like that, I I don't lose

1967
01:04:38,079 --> 01:04:41,440
any seat of the pants by being remotely.

1968
01:04:40,199 --> 01:04:43,719
It's like a video game. Like literally,

1969
01:04:41,440 --> 01:04:45,000
it's it's exactly like a video game. Um

1970
01:04:43,719 --> 01:04:46,239
if it's a maneuvering environment where

1971
01:04:45,000 --> 01:04:47,880
I see the guy and we're in a dog fight,

1972
01:04:46,239 --> 01:04:49,839
then yeah, you lose a lot, right? In

1973
01:04:47,880 --> 01:04:51,599
terms of seat of the pants, eyeball,

1974
01:04:49,840 --> 01:04:52,920
just things that are hard to to

1975
01:04:51,599 --> 01:04:54,719
automate. So, it's

1976
01:04:52,920 --> 01:04:56,200
half and half, right? In a drone

1977
01:04:54,719 --> 01:04:57,679
scenario, I mean,

1978
01:04:56,199 --> 01:04:59,279
what would a drone dog fight? I don't

1979
01:04:57,679 --> 01:05:00,519
know. It's a good question. I'm not

1980
01:04:59,280 --> 01:05:02,760
really sure.

1981
01:05:00,519 --> 01:05:02,759
Good.

1982
01:05:06,880 --> 01:05:10,840
You could. Um but then I have to have

1983
01:05:08,920 --> 01:05:12,400
some way to represent the physical

1984
01:05:10,840 --> 01:05:14,760
environment that the drone is seeing. I

1985
01:05:12,400 --> 01:05:16,599
got to be able to represent that to the

1986
01:05:14,760 --> 01:05:18,000
guy on the simulator on the ground. I I

1987
01:05:16,599 --> 01:05:20,799
have to be able to kind of relay that

1988
01:05:18,000 --> 01:05:21,920
real time. Um it matters. So,

1989
01:05:20,800 --> 01:05:23,760
uh

1990
01:05:21,920 --> 01:05:25,440
Who Who plays sports? Right? Guys, you

1991
01:05:23,760 --> 01:05:27,320
know, any I mean, whenever you're

1992
01:05:25,440 --> 01:05:29,039
playing sports, you got an opponent. Uh

1993
01:05:27,320 --> 01:05:30,320
you get if you play a lot like if it's

1994
01:05:29,039 --> 01:05:31,519
racquetball or football or something

1995
01:05:30,320 --> 01:05:33,000
like that, you get very good at looking

1996
01:05:31,519 --> 01:05:35,679
at your opponent and being able to see

1997
01:05:33,000 --> 01:05:37,639
micro movements before the actual big

1998
01:05:35,679 --> 01:05:38,960
movement happens so that you know, "Oh,

1999
01:05:37,639 --> 01:05:40,159
they're about to swing this way." Or

2000
01:05:38,960 --> 01:05:42,440
they're going to throw this way. So, you

2001
01:05:40,159 --> 01:05:44,119
can read your opponent and make a

2002
01:05:42,440 --> 01:05:46,079
decision about what's about to happen a

2003
01:05:44,119 --> 01:05:48,039
second or two from now. In a fighter

2004
01:05:46,079 --> 01:05:50,679
jet, the exact same thing. If I'm

2005
01:05:48,039 --> 01:05:52,440
fighting a guy and I see a control

2006
01:05:50,679 --> 01:05:54,960
surface deflection even before the

2007
01:05:52,440 --> 01:05:56,119
airplane has gone, I know person's going

2008
01:05:54,960 --> 01:05:57,880
this way.

2009
01:05:56,119 --> 01:05:59,239
I can position myself to be there before

2010
01:05:57,880 --> 01:06:01,119
they arrive.

2011
01:05:59,239 --> 01:06:03,039
I would need some way to represent that

2012
01:06:01,119 --> 01:06:05,239
if I'm in a simulator on the ground and

2013
01:06:03,039 --> 01:06:06,800
it would have to be kind of transparent

2014
01:06:05,239 --> 01:06:09,119
to the guy in the simulator

2015
01:06:06,800 --> 01:06:10,280
what what that feels like.

2016
01:06:09,119 --> 01:06:12,000
Good.

2017
01:06:10,280 --> 01:06:14,040
Lots of good questions. It's good class.

2018
01:06:12,000 --> 01:06:16,000
Let me ask actually, where's Who's here

2019
01:06:14,039 --> 01:06:17,840
from the flying club?

2020
01:06:16,000 --> 01:06:19,880
Uh Sebastian?

2021
01:06:17,840 --> 01:06:21,800
Yeah, actually, I wonder if lads, can

2022
01:06:19,880 --> 01:06:23,240
you stay another uh 10-15 minutes?

2023
01:06:21,800 --> 01:06:26,280
Absolutely. Why don't we have Sebastian

2024
01:06:23,239 --> 01:06:28,000
jump in, give his flying club spiel, and

2025
01:06:26,280 --> 01:06:31,200
then uh both of them will be up front

2026
01:06:28,000 --> 01:06:31,920
for uh questions right afterwards.

2027
01:06:31,199 --> 01:06:34,480
Thank you, lads.

2028
01:06:31,920 --> 01:06:34,480
No worries.