1 00:00:00,947 --> 00:00:03,510 (explosion sound) 2 00:00:03,509 --> 00:00:06,629 - [Narrator] After the gigantic battle at Cape Ecnomus 3 00:00:06,629 --> 00:00:09,750 the Romans were now free to land on African soil, 4 00:00:09,750 --> 00:00:11,820 and so they did. 5 00:00:11,820 --> 00:00:13,679 The Carthaginians chose to focus on 6 00:00:13,679 --> 00:00:15,959 defending the city of Carthage itself. 7 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:18,539 So the Romans immediately took the city of Aspis 8 00:00:18,539 --> 00:00:21,419 and were then free to raid and plunder the countryside. 9 00:00:21,420 --> 00:00:25,650 They took over 20,000 slaves and a ton of booty 10 00:00:25,649 --> 00:00:28,559 but then some orders arrived from the Senate. 11 00:00:28,559 --> 00:00:30,269 Send home the booty. 12 00:00:30,269 --> 00:00:31,469 D'oh! 13 00:00:31,469 --> 00:00:33,116 But I want to stay. 14 00:00:33,116 --> 00:00:34,979 No, Steve not you. 15 00:00:34,979 --> 00:00:36,959 They mean the treasure. 16 00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:40,017 Well, we are not watching anymore this filth. 17 00:00:40,017 --> 00:00:41,609 - [Kids] Aww. 18 00:00:41,609 --> 00:00:43,530 - [Narrator] So the other consul left with the booty, 19 00:00:43,530 --> 00:00:46,020 leaving Regulus and his forces on their own, 20 00:00:46,020 --> 00:00:48,660 and they began advancing towards Carthage. 21 00:00:48,659 --> 00:00:51,629 Along the way, according to the ancient writer, Livy, 22 00:00:51,630 --> 00:00:54,359 they encountered a literal dragon. 23 00:00:54,359 --> 00:00:56,640 Now Livy was a Roman historian, 24 00:00:56,640 --> 00:00:59,070 so his account may be slightly exaggerated. 25 00:00:59,070 --> 00:01:01,770 But this, I believe. 26 00:01:01,770 --> 00:01:03,810 As the Romans continued to plunder, 27 00:01:03,810 --> 00:01:07,140 the Carthaginian people flooded into the city. 28 00:01:07,140 --> 00:01:09,870 Now, not only was it in a major panic, 29 00:01:09,870 --> 00:01:14,040 but it was so crowded, the people began to starve. 30 00:01:14,040 --> 00:01:15,963 Don't panic, everyone. 31 00:01:16,890 --> 00:01:19,769 Look, I know you're all starving 32 00:01:19,769 --> 00:01:23,039 but I still have food for me. 33 00:01:23,040 --> 00:01:25,533 So, you know, it's not all bad. 34 00:01:26,951 --> 00:01:27,784 (crowd boos) 35 00:01:27,784 --> 00:01:30,278 Whoa, you're wasting your tomatoes 36 00:01:30,278 --> 00:01:33,060 and you idiots wonder why you're starving? 37 00:01:33,060 --> 00:01:36,986 Oh, well it's just more food for me. 38 00:01:36,986 --> 00:01:39,210 (emperor makes chewing sounds) 39 00:01:39,209 --> 00:01:41,279 Things weren't looking good for Carthage. 40 00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:43,769 They had to do something to stop the Romans 41 00:01:43,769 --> 00:01:45,479 rampaging throughout their land. 42 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:50,159 So they decided, finally, it was time to put an end to it. 43 00:01:50,159 --> 00:01:53,250 They headed out and set up on rough, hilly terrain 44 00:01:53,250 --> 00:01:55,049 overlooking the Roman camp 45 00:01:55,049 --> 00:01:57,599 and they prepared for battle. 46 00:01:57,599 --> 00:01:59,549 Now, while the Carthaginians were the 47 00:01:59,549 --> 00:02:02,369 traditional masters of the sea, on land, 48 00:02:02,370 --> 00:02:04,200 they weren't always the brightest. 49 00:02:04,200 --> 00:02:07,019 Case in point, setting up in this position 50 00:02:07,019 --> 00:02:09,359 overlooking the Roman camp was just about 51 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:12,000 the stupidest thing they could have done. 52 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:13,110 Why? 53 00:02:13,110 --> 00:02:17,400 Well, there's something you gotta understand about Carthage. 54 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:19,710 The Carthaginian land forces actually suffered 55 00:02:19,710 --> 00:02:22,140 from a multitude of different issues. 56 00:02:22,139 --> 00:02:24,449 First of all, since the Carthaginians were 57 00:02:24,449 --> 00:02:26,669 rich, rich, rich, they could afford to pay 58 00:02:26,669 --> 00:02:29,909 a huge number of foreign mercenaries to fight for them. 59 00:02:29,909 --> 00:02:33,120 These mercenaries actually made up the vast majority 60 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:35,340 of Carthage's forces and therefore 61 00:02:35,340 --> 00:02:37,469 Carthage's land armies were a melting pot 62 00:02:37,469 --> 00:02:39,300 of many different cultures. 63 00:02:39,300 --> 00:02:41,400 This, however, meant that if a battle wasn't 64 00:02:41,400 --> 00:02:45,480 going their way, there could be loyalty issues. 65 00:02:45,479 --> 00:02:47,699 Man, I ain't getting paid enough for this. 66 00:02:47,699 --> 00:02:49,500 You Balearic slingers better not be 67 00:02:49,500 --> 00:02:51,180 thinking of running away. 68 00:02:51,180 --> 00:02:52,140 What did he say? 69 00:02:52,139 --> 00:02:52,979 I don't know, man. 70 00:02:52,979 --> 00:02:54,149 I don't speak Venetian. 71 00:02:54,150 --> 00:02:55,200 Let's get outta here. 72 00:02:56,280 --> 00:02:58,680 Clearly, there were also language issues. 73 00:02:58,680 --> 00:03:01,319 The military generals tended to be Carthaginian 74 00:03:01,319 --> 00:03:03,539 but they made a lot of strange decisions. 75 00:03:03,539 --> 00:03:05,969 For example, one of the most feared assets 76 00:03:05,969 --> 00:03:08,759 of the Carthaginian army were the war elephants. 77 00:03:08,759 --> 00:03:10,679 To a Roman soldier who had never even 78 00:03:10,680 --> 00:03:12,659 seen an elephant before, this was like 79 00:03:12,659 --> 00:03:15,090 fist fighting a literal monster. 80 00:03:15,090 --> 00:03:17,610 Yet the Carthaginians continually kept placing 81 00:03:17,610 --> 00:03:20,280 the elephants in the rear where they were no use. 82 00:03:20,280 --> 00:03:22,409 In a similar fashion, the neighboring region 83 00:03:22,409 --> 00:03:24,329 of Numidia provided Carthage with 84 00:03:24,330 --> 00:03:26,790 the most skilled cavalry men in the world. 85 00:03:26,789 --> 00:03:29,009 But the Carthaginians often chose to fight 86 00:03:29,009 --> 00:03:31,829 on rough, uneven terrain where horses 87 00:03:31,830 --> 00:03:34,230 and elephants were less effective. 88 00:03:34,229 --> 00:03:37,319 And so in this case, when the Carthaginians 89 00:03:37,319 --> 00:03:40,289 again chose the rough terrain near the Roman camp, 90 00:03:40,289 --> 00:03:43,199 the Romans easily sent them packing. 91 00:03:43,199 --> 00:03:44,699 Wow, Regulus. 92 00:03:44,699 --> 00:03:46,979 We're mere miles from Carthage. 93 00:03:46,979 --> 00:03:49,079 You sure are amazing. 94 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:50,400 Yes, Steve. 95 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:51,284 I know. 96 00:03:51,284 --> 00:03:52,379 (Steve sighs) 97 00:03:52,379 --> 00:03:54,569 Steve, what's the matter? 98 00:03:54,569 --> 00:03:55,889 We've almost won. 99 00:03:55,889 --> 00:03:58,889 I just wish I could be as great as you Regulus. 100 00:03:58,889 --> 00:04:01,889 Steve, you're amazing. 101 00:04:01,889 --> 00:04:03,989 I mean, look at this thing. 102 00:04:03,990 --> 00:04:05,250 It's unbelievable. 103 00:04:05,250 --> 00:04:08,460 I know, but I mean like at war stuff. 104 00:04:08,460 --> 00:04:11,790 I'm such a noob, my tanks always get blown up. 105 00:04:11,789 --> 00:04:14,549 I can't even fly an aircraft straight. 106 00:04:14,550 --> 00:04:16,620 Tanks, aircraft? 107 00:04:16,620 --> 00:04:18,329 What are you talking about Steve? 108 00:04:18,329 --> 00:04:20,519 I'm talking about free to play online 109 00:04:20,519 --> 00:04:24,153 multiplayer combat game and this video's sponsor, 110 00:04:24,153 --> 00:04:26,759 War Thunder. 111 00:04:26,759 --> 00:04:28,860 War Thunder is the most comprehensive 112 00:04:28,860 --> 00:04:31,290 vehicle combat game ever made. 113 00:04:31,290 --> 00:04:35,193 Don't just drive the tank, become one with the tank. 114 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:38,790 You can play as more than 2000 battleships, 115 00:04:38,790 --> 00:04:42,270 aircraft, tanks and helicopters in dynamic 116 00:04:42,269 --> 00:04:44,310 player versus player combat. 117 00:04:44,310 --> 00:04:47,280 With amazing 4k graphics, each vehicle is 118 00:04:47,279 --> 00:04:49,500 incredibly detailed and modeled down to 119 00:04:49,500 --> 00:04:51,180 their individual components. 120 00:04:51,180 --> 00:04:53,160 And for history nerds like you and I, 121 00:04:53,160 --> 00:04:54,960 the vehicle collection in War Thunder 122 00:04:54,959 --> 00:04:57,899 spans over a hundred years of military development 123 00:04:57,899 --> 00:05:00,929 from the 1920s to the present day. 124 00:05:00,930 --> 00:05:03,930 I love the detailed damage mechanics in War Thunder. 125 00:05:03,930 --> 00:05:05,639 You ever think about how the exact angle 126 00:05:05,639 --> 00:05:07,289 a shell hits an armored vehicle affects 127 00:05:07,290 --> 00:05:08,760 the resulting damage? 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143 00:05:44,009 --> 00:05:47,730 Oh yeah, invading Africa, getting some booty 144 00:05:47,730 --> 00:05:50,790 and sending the Carthaginians packing. 145 00:05:50,790 --> 00:05:53,430 Everything was looking up for Regulus. 146 00:05:53,430 --> 00:05:56,910 A Roman victory seemed like it was only a matter of time, 147 00:05:56,910 --> 00:06:00,000 but then Regulus realized something. 148 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,689 He had been consul for almost a year and his term 149 00:06:03,689 --> 00:06:05,219 was coming to an end. 150 00:06:05,220 --> 00:06:07,800 He knew that if his successor took over 151 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:10,470 and he finished the job, then he would get 152 00:06:10,470 --> 00:06:13,290 the naked statues, not Regulus, 153 00:06:13,290 --> 00:06:16,920 and there was no way Regulus was going to allow that. 154 00:06:16,920 --> 00:06:19,140 So he jumped the gun. 155 00:06:19,139 --> 00:06:21,899 You there, Carthaginian boy. 156 00:06:21,899 --> 00:06:24,629 I want you to deliver a message to your elders. 157 00:06:24,629 --> 00:06:29,370 I Marcus Atilius Regulus, demand the total 158 00:06:29,370 --> 00:06:32,639 and unconditional surrender of Carthage. 159 00:06:32,639 --> 00:06:34,560 Unconditional surrender? 160 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:37,649 Geez, at least lay siege and starve us all to death first. 161 00:06:37,649 --> 00:06:40,079 Just deliver the message, punk. 162 00:06:40,079 --> 00:06:41,759 He demands your total surrender. 163 00:06:41,759 --> 00:06:42,593 What? 164 00:06:42,593 --> 00:06:45,930 Geez at least lay siege and starve us all to death first. 165 00:06:45,930 --> 00:06:47,459 Hey, that's what I said. 166 00:06:47,459 --> 00:06:50,250 Well, boys, this Roman thinks we're out, 167 00:06:50,250 --> 00:06:52,709 but we're not out, are we boys? 168 00:06:52,709 --> 00:06:53,549 No. 169 00:06:53,550 --> 00:06:57,090 We'll do what we always do in times like this. 170 00:06:57,089 --> 00:06:59,429 Hire somebody else to solve our problems for us. 171 00:06:59,430 --> 00:07:03,764 Darren, bring in the Spartan. 172 00:07:03,764 --> 00:07:06,089 (dramatic musical trill) 173 00:07:06,089 --> 00:07:08,279 Regulus' overly harsh demands had had the 174 00:07:08,279 --> 00:07:12,299 unintended effect of reinvigorating Carthaginian resolve. 175 00:07:12,300 --> 00:07:15,750 They brought in a mercenary from the famed land of Sparta 176 00:07:15,750 --> 00:07:19,470 named Xanthippus to help dig them out of this situation. 177 00:07:19,470 --> 00:07:21,483 And we all know what Spartans are like. 178 00:07:22,552 --> 00:07:24,569 (crowd cheers) 179 00:07:24,569 --> 00:07:27,389 Xanthippus showed up and immediately took charge. 180 00:07:27,389 --> 00:07:30,629 He had a look around and said, you idiots. 181 00:07:30,629 --> 00:07:32,909 Put the elephants in front of the army 182 00:07:32,910 --> 00:07:35,670 so they can smash into the Romans and 183 00:07:35,670 --> 00:07:37,860 stop fighting on rough, uneven terrain. 184 00:07:37,860 --> 00:07:40,620 Find a big, flat field so your superior cavalry 185 00:07:40,620 --> 00:07:41,939 can do their job. 186 00:07:41,939 --> 00:07:43,860 And what's this I hear about you giving a speech, 187 00:07:43,860 --> 00:07:45,420 telling everyone they're gonna die? 188 00:07:45,420 --> 00:07:48,150 Hey, I was just telling the people the truth. 189 00:07:48,149 --> 00:07:50,039 You're a politician. 190 00:07:50,040 --> 00:07:51,693 Lie to the people. 191 00:07:51,692 --> 00:07:53,430 (crowd gasps in agreement) 192 00:07:53,430 --> 00:07:55,980 And so Xanthippus led out the newly reformed 193 00:07:55,980 --> 00:07:58,170 Carthaginian army to meet Regulus 194 00:07:58,170 --> 00:08:00,480 in the battle of the Bagradas River. 195 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:02,310 The elephants, now in the front, 196 00:08:02,310 --> 00:08:05,550 smashed into the Roman lines, causing disarray. 197 00:08:05,550 --> 00:08:08,370 The cavalry, with total freedom of movement, 198 00:08:08,370 --> 00:08:10,410 out flanked the Roman infantry. 199 00:08:10,410 --> 00:08:12,630 Thanks to this impressive Spartan, 200 00:08:12,629 --> 00:08:17,100 the battle was a total Carthaginian victory. 201 00:08:17,100 --> 00:08:20,189 And Xanthippus, for his stunning victory, 202 00:08:20,189 --> 00:08:22,110 was forced to flee Carthage 203 00:08:22,110 --> 00:08:24,900 because the leadership got jealous. 204 00:08:24,899 --> 00:08:28,829 Regulus, the Roman consul was captured during the battle. 205 00:08:28,829 --> 00:08:30,810 Legend has it, he was brought before the 206 00:08:30,810 --> 00:08:34,500 Carthaginian council and they made a proposition. 207 00:08:34,500 --> 00:08:37,590 Well, Reggie, not looking so good anymore is it? 208 00:08:37,590 --> 00:08:40,143 Looks like we beat you pretty bad, huh? 209 00:08:40,143 --> 00:08:40,975 (spitting noise) 210 00:08:40,975 --> 00:08:43,200 Up yours, your Punic pansies. 211 00:08:43,200 --> 00:08:47,610 Now, now Regulus, nobody likes a sore loser, do they? 212 00:08:47,610 --> 00:08:48,442 No. 213 00:08:48,442 --> 00:08:49,319 How about this? 214 00:08:49,320 --> 00:08:51,120 We're gonna send you back to Rome 215 00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:54,419 and you convince the Roman Senate to surrender to us. 216 00:08:54,419 --> 00:08:56,939 If you fail though, you gotta come back 217 00:08:56,940 --> 00:08:59,659 so we can torture you to death, okay? 218 00:08:59,658 --> 00:09:00,491 Okay. 219 00:09:00,491 --> 00:09:02,219 You promise? 220 00:09:02,220 --> 00:09:03,633 I promise. 221 00:09:04,529 --> 00:09:05,362 Hey guys. 222 00:09:05,363 --> 00:09:06,750 Whoa, Regulus. 223 00:09:06,750 --> 00:09:08,399 We thought you got captured. 224 00:09:08,399 --> 00:09:09,232 I did. 225 00:09:09,232 --> 00:09:11,879 But they sent me back to convince you to surrender. 226 00:09:11,879 --> 00:09:13,799 Well, should we surrender? 227 00:09:13,799 --> 00:09:15,809 No, never surrender. 228 00:09:15,809 --> 00:09:17,279 Give them hell, boys. 229 00:09:17,279 --> 00:09:18,899 They're at the end of their rope. 230 00:09:18,899 --> 00:09:21,419 Anyway, I gotta go be tortured to death now. 231 00:09:21,419 --> 00:09:22,252 What? 232 00:09:22,253 --> 00:09:23,919 Yep. Part of a deal I made. 233 00:09:23,918 --> 00:09:25,049 It's a long story. 234 00:09:25,049 --> 00:09:26,956 Oh, Hey wait, Regulus. 235 00:09:26,956 --> 00:09:29,820 No, no, it's cool guys, I promised. 236 00:09:29,820 --> 00:09:33,090 Regulus, this is ancient times. 237 00:09:33,090 --> 00:09:35,370 We massacre entire populations. 238 00:09:35,370 --> 00:09:37,169 We chop pets in half. 239 00:09:37,169 --> 00:09:38,579 You can break a promise. 240 00:09:38,580 --> 00:09:40,170 No, Tim! 241 00:09:40,169 --> 00:09:42,870 You never break a promise. 242 00:09:42,870 --> 00:09:45,210 That's too far. 243 00:09:45,210 --> 00:09:47,790 And so Regulus went back to Carthage 244 00:09:47,789 --> 00:09:49,709 and was tortured to death. 245 00:09:49,710 --> 00:09:52,980 And for keeping his promise, he was immortalized 246 00:09:52,980 --> 00:09:56,460 as the leading symbol of Roman virtue. 247 00:09:56,460 --> 00:09:58,860 Meanwhile, after their defeat in Africa, 248 00:09:58,860 --> 00:10:01,800 the remaining Roman survivors, still in Africa, 249 00:10:01,799 --> 00:10:05,309 were still in Africa and they needed to be rescued. 250 00:10:05,309 --> 00:10:07,859 So the Romans sent their fleet to pick 'em up 251 00:10:07,860 --> 00:10:09,029 and bring 'em home. 252 00:10:09,029 --> 00:10:11,909 They successfully fended off a Carthaginian fleet, 253 00:10:11,909 --> 00:10:15,209 grabbed the survivors and made their way to Sicily. 254 00:10:15,210 --> 00:10:16,889 A great success. 255 00:10:16,889 --> 00:10:20,588 But then things took a turn for the worse. 256 00:10:20,589 --> 00:10:23,820 Sir, that cloud looks kind of angry. 257 00:10:23,820 --> 00:10:25,500 Fear not, coward. 258 00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:28,830 If we Romans can build a war fleet from scratch 259 00:10:28,830 --> 00:10:32,490 and defeat the Carthaginian empire at their own game, 260 00:10:32,490 --> 00:10:37,490 why then, even mother nature herself will crumble before us. 261 00:10:37,500 --> 00:10:39,647 I laugh in the face of mother nature. 262 00:10:39,647 --> 00:10:40,950 Haha. 263 00:10:40,950 --> 00:10:41,783 See? 264 00:10:41,783 --> 00:10:44,188 Come on guys, laugh at mother nature with me. 265 00:10:44,188 --> 00:10:45,129 Ha ha! 266 00:10:45,129 --> 00:10:47,462 (all laugh) 267 00:10:48,705 --> 00:10:51,004 (thunder crashes) 268 00:10:51,004 --> 00:10:54,210 (soldiers screaming) 269 00:10:54,210 --> 00:10:59,210 284 ships, nearly 80% of the Roman fleet, was destroyed. 270 00:11:00,090 --> 00:11:03,690 As many as a hundred thousand men drowned 271 00:11:03,690 --> 00:11:06,240 in a terrifying act of nature. 272 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:09,269 Never before had Rome lost so many men 273 00:11:09,269 --> 00:11:11,129 in a single incident. 274 00:11:11,129 --> 00:11:14,460 A hundred thousand casualties for any other nation 275 00:11:14,460 --> 00:11:15,750 would be crippling. 276 00:11:15,750 --> 00:11:18,960 Any other nation would hastily sue for peace. 277 00:11:18,960 --> 00:11:22,530 Any other nation would spend decades trying to recover. 278 00:11:22,529 --> 00:11:26,129 But Rome was not just any other nation. 279 00:11:26,129 --> 00:11:28,919 Infamous for its unrelenting determination 280 00:11:28,919 --> 00:11:31,259 in the face of overwhelming odds, 281 00:11:31,259 --> 00:11:33,750 Rome said, well, I guess we'll just 282 00:11:33,750 --> 00:11:35,399 have to build another fleet. 283 00:11:35,399 --> 00:11:36,629 And they did. 284 00:11:36,629 --> 00:11:40,620 In just three months, they built 220 more ships, 285 00:11:40,620 --> 00:11:42,299 an astonishing feat. 286 00:11:42,299 --> 00:11:44,399 The Romans sent out their brand spanking new 287 00:11:44,399 --> 00:11:49,399 war fleet and they got caught in another storm. 288 00:11:51,870 --> 00:11:55,169 This time a whole 'nother fleet was lost 289 00:11:55,169 --> 00:11:58,319 and still the Romans did not give up. 290 00:11:58,320 --> 00:12:00,720 The Carthaginians couldn't believe it. 291 00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:04,230 Their enemy had just lost hundreds of thousands of men, 292 00:12:04,230 --> 00:12:07,620 had two fleets almost entirely destroyed 293 00:12:07,620 --> 00:12:10,230 and they still wouldn't surrender. 294 00:12:10,230 --> 00:12:14,519 As one Roman poet put it, the victor is not victorious 295 00:12:14,519 --> 00:12:18,449 if the vanquished does not consider himself so. 296 00:12:18,450 --> 00:12:21,629 In typical Roman fashion, after a short break, 297 00:12:21,629 --> 00:12:24,840 they were once again building another fleet. 298 00:12:24,840 --> 00:12:28,560 However, for now, after all the disasters at sea, 299 00:12:28,559 --> 00:12:30,719 the focus began shifting back to the 300 00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:32,879 land campaign in Sicily. 301 00:12:32,879 --> 00:12:36,480 The Carthaginians, overconfident from recent successes, 302 00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:38,430 attempted to retake Panormus, 303 00:12:38,429 --> 00:12:41,189 but the Romans countered the terrifying war elephants 304 00:12:41,190 --> 00:12:44,460 by throwing stuff at them and scaring them away. 305 00:12:44,460 --> 00:12:46,500 Having stopped the Carthaginian advance, 306 00:12:46,500 --> 00:12:48,659 the road was now open to the final 307 00:12:48,659 --> 00:12:52,319 Carthaginian stronghold on the island, Lilybaeum. 308 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:56,040 Lilybaeum was an extremely well fortified city. 309 00:12:56,039 --> 00:12:59,939 In 250 BC, the Romans laid siege. 310 00:12:59,940 --> 00:13:03,030 The Carthaginian defense however, was fierce 311 00:13:03,029 --> 00:13:05,850 and skilled blockade runners kept the city supplied. 312 00:13:05,850 --> 00:13:09,060 Progress was so slow that the siege would last 313 00:13:09,059 --> 00:13:10,949 another nine years. 314 00:13:10,950 --> 00:13:13,140 To make matters worse, the Carthaginians 315 00:13:13,139 --> 00:13:15,809 later sent possibly the greatest military general 316 00:13:15,809 --> 00:13:19,500 of the time, a man named Hamilcar Barca, to the island. 317 00:13:19,500 --> 00:13:22,110 He engaged in a skillful campaign of guerrilla warfare 318 00:13:22,110 --> 00:13:25,200 behind enemy lines and for the remainder of the war 319 00:13:25,200 --> 00:13:27,990 he was a major thorn in the Roman's side. 320 00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:30,567 For now, with the deadlocked siege at Lilybaeum 321 00:13:30,567 --> 00:13:32,850 and the new Roman fleet at sea, 322 00:13:32,850 --> 00:13:35,190 things seem to be at a standstill 323 00:13:35,190 --> 00:13:38,760 and the Romans had to do something to break the deadlock. 324 00:13:38,759 --> 00:13:43,200 Thankfully, the Roman consul, Clodius Pulcher, had an idea. 325 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:45,180 He tried to get things moving by attacking 326 00:13:45,179 --> 00:13:47,609 the Carthaginian fleet at Drepana. 327 00:13:47,610 --> 00:13:50,789 Now before a battle, to predict if they would win, 328 00:13:50,789 --> 00:13:52,559 it was common for the Romans to look 329 00:13:52,559 --> 00:13:54,269 for signs from the gods. 330 00:13:54,269 --> 00:13:56,279 This could mean observing the weather 331 00:13:56,279 --> 00:13:58,889 or inspecting some cow livers, you know, 332 00:13:58,889 --> 00:14:00,419 typical religion stuff. 333 00:14:00,419 --> 00:14:02,699 In this case, Pulcher reportedly tried to 334 00:14:02,700 --> 00:14:04,379 feed some sacred chickens, 335 00:14:04,379 --> 00:14:07,980 but unfortunately for him they wouldn't eat a crumb. 336 00:14:07,980 --> 00:14:09,360 A very bad sign. 337 00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:14,100 Well, he said if they won't eat, then let them drink. 338 00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:15,899 Stupid chickens. 339 00:14:15,899 --> 00:14:17,909 We'll observe the weather instead. 340 00:14:17,909 --> 00:14:19,905 Gods, give me a sign. 341 00:14:19,905 --> 00:14:21,149 (thunder crashes) 342 00:14:21,149 --> 00:14:22,049 Ignore that. 343 00:14:22,049 --> 00:14:23,339 Okay, how about this? 344 00:14:23,340 --> 00:14:24,990 If I can get this piece of paper 345 00:14:24,990 --> 00:14:27,243 into that trash basket, we'll win. 346 00:14:28,500 --> 00:14:30,929 Okay, if I can stand here silently 347 00:14:30,929 --> 00:14:34,442 for five seconds and do nothing, we'll win. 348 00:14:36,884 --> 00:14:37,716 (Pulcher farts) 349 00:14:37,716 --> 00:14:38,850 Ah, dagnammit. 350 00:14:38,850 --> 00:14:41,279 Pulcher chose to ignore the signs from the gods 351 00:14:41,279 --> 00:14:44,399 and in the following battle, the superior Carthaginians 352 00:14:44,399 --> 00:14:45,870 tore them to shreds. 353 00:14:45,870 --> 00:14:48,120 It also didn't help that by now the Romans had 354 00:14:48,120 --> 00:14:50,820 removed the Corvus to stabilize their ships 355 00:14:50,820 --> 00:14:54,420 and without their secret weapon, it was a disaster 356 00:14:54,419 --> 00:14:56,759 and Pulcher was disgraced. 357 00:14:56,759 --> 00:15:00,059 To make matters worse, the victorious Carthaginian fleet 358 00:15:00,059 --> 00:15:02,579 then went on to intercept a Roman supply fleet 359 00:15:02,580 --> 00:15:04,350 on its way to Lilybaeum. 360 00:15:04,350 --> 00:15:06,450 As they approached, however, they saw the signs 361 00:15:06,450 --> 00:15:09,210 of an incoming storm, so they took shelter. 362 00:15:09,210 --> 00:15:13,590 The Romans on the other hand said, onward men, set sail. 363 00:15:13,590 --> 00:15:15,899 We've gotta deliver these supplies stat. 364 00:15:15,899 --> 00:15:17,939 But sir, those clouds. 365 00:15:17,940 --> 00:15:20,550 Don't you think we ought to have learned our lesson by now? 366 00:15:20,549 --> 00:15:25,549 Yes, Brian, we ought to have, but we haven't. 367 00:15:25,830 --> 00:15:30,830 Another fleet and 50,000 men lost in another storm. 368 00:15:31,230 --> 00:15:32,820 Disaster. 369 00:15:32,820 --> 00:15:36,570 Now at this point there still really isn't a clear winner. 370 00:15:36,570 --> 00:15:39,210 Sure, the Romans have captured most of Sicily 371 00:15:39,210 --> 00:15:42,150 and cornered the Carthaginian land forces at Lilybaeum. 372 00:15:42,149 --> 00:15:44,069 But the continued disasters at sea were 373 00:15:44,070 --> 00:15:46,140 critically depleting their resources. 374 00:15:46,139 --> 00:15:49,889 And without a strong fleet, Rome could not win. 375 00:15:49,889 --> 00:15:52,590 Meanwhile, Hamilcar Barca was still knocking about 376 00:15:52,590 --> 00:15:54,750 and creating even more problems. 377 00:15:54,750 --> 00:15:56,940 So where do we go from here? 378 00:15:56,940 --> 00:15:59,640 How does this war finally end? 379 00:15:59,639 --> 00:16:03,629 By now, the two sides had been fighting for 23 years. 380 00:16:03,629 --> 00:16:05,759 They were exhausted. 381 00:16:05,759 --> 00:16:08,819 Their money, their resources, their strength 382 00:16:08,820 --> 00:16:11,160 were all utterly spent. 383 00:16:11,159 --> 00:16:13,919 The Carthaginians, in particular, were eager to see 384 00:16:13,919 --> 00:16:15,870 the war end so they could get back to 385 00:16:15,870 --> 00:16:17,730 trading and making money. 386 00:16:17,730 --> 00:16:20,550 So after the latest Roman disaster at sea, 387 00:16:20,549 --> 00:16:24,059 they said, look, there ain't no way in heck 388 00:16:24,059 --> 00:16:26,009 the Romans can come back again. 389 00:16:26,009 --> 00:16:29,700 They can't possibly afford to build another fleet. 390 00:16:29,700 --> 00:16:30,780 They're done. 391 00:16:30,779 --> 00:16:32,069 That's it. 392 00:16:32,070 --> 00:16:35,040 Recall the Navy, repurpose them as merchant ships 393 00:16:35,039 --> 00:16:38,421 and let's get back to making some money. 394 00:16:38,422 --> 00:16:39,990 (crowd cheers) 395 00:16:39,990 --> 00:16:42,330 Assuming the Romans would soon make peace, 396 00:16:42,330 --> 00:16:44,370 an anti-war faction within the government 397 00:16:44,370 --> 00:16:46,350 recalled a large portion of the Navy, 398 00:16:46,350 --> 00:16:48,420 leaving Hamilcar on his own. 399 00:16:48,419 --> 00:16:51,959 The victors appeared to be declaring themselves victorious. 400 00:16:51,960 --> 00:16:54,450 Meanwhile, the vanquished we're getting ready 401 00:16:54,450 --> 00:16:55,830 for round five. 402 00:16:55,830 --> 00:16:57,960 The Romans built another fleet. 403 00:16:57,960 --> 00:17:00,629 This time heavily relying on patriotic donations 404 00:17:00,629 --> 00:17:02,850 from the upper classes to afford it. 405 00:17:02,850 --> 00:17:06,360 And once again they put to sea. 406 00:17:06,359 --> 00:17:08,639 Sir, the Romans have built another fleet. 407 00:17:08,640 --> 00:17:10,350 Oh, for goodness sake, Clarence. 408 00:17:10,349 --> 00:17:11,939 Can't you see I'm busy rolling around 409 00:17:11,940 --> 00:17:12,990 in this pile of money? 410 00:17:12,990 --> 00:17:13,823 But sir. 411 00:17:13,823 --> 00:17:15,630 I don't care anymore, Clarence. 412 00:17:15,630 --> 00:17:17,670 I just don't care. 413 00:17:17,670 --> 00:17:19,470 The Carthaginian politicians made a 414 00:17:19,470 --> 00:17:21,269 fairly lackluster final effort 415 00:17:21,269 --> 00:17:25,230 with a poorly built fleet to supply their forces in Sicily. 416 00:17:25,230 --> 00:17:27,539 But when the brand new Roman fleet caught them 417 00:17:27,539 --> 00:17:30,210 at the battle of the Aegates, even without their 418 00:17:30,210 --> 00:17:33,960 signature Corvus, they dealt them the final blow. 419 00:17:33,960 --> 00:17:36,120 And that was that. 420 00:17:36,119 --> 00:17:38,099 23 years of war. 421 00:17:38,099 --> 00:17:40,709 Neither side could afford to keep fighting. 422 00:17:40,710 --> 00:17:43,890 But the Romans showed that they intended to anyway. 423 00:17:43,890 --> 00:17:47,820 The Carthaginians had no choice, but to throw in the towel. 424 00:17:47,819 --> 00:17:51,089 The war had been long and hard for both sides 425 00:17:51,089 --> 00:17:54,000 but in the end it was Roman determination 426 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:56,160 that won the fight. 427 00:17:56,160 --> 00:17:58,410 The Romans had spent the entire war 428 00:17:58,410 --> 00:18:01,470 trying to find a way to deliver the knockout blow. 429 00:18:01,470 --> 00:18:03,029 They learned how to build a fleet 430 00:18:03,029 --> 00:18:04,829 and engage in Naval combat. 431 00:18:04,829 --> 00:18:08,220 They developed ingenious, new ways of waging war. 432 00:18:08,220 --> 00:18:11,460 They attempted an invasion of the Carthaginian heartland 433 00:18:11,460 --> 00:18:13,470 and whenever disasters struck them, 434 00:18:13,470 --> 00:18:16,829 they always came back again, and again. 435 00:18:16,829 --> 00:18:18,569 The Carthaginians, on the other hand, 436 00:18:18,569 --> 00:18:21,269 spent the entire war watching whatever Rome did 437 00:18:21,269 --> 00:18:23,940 and then figuring out how to respond. 438 00:18:23,940 --> 00:18:26,039 They were much more passive. 439 00:18:26,039 --> 00:18:28,139 And so it's no wonder then, 440 00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:30,540 that when both sides were close to collapse 441 00:18:30,539 --> 00:18:32,460 Rome was the one who figured out how 442 00:18:32,460 --> 00:18:34,920 to go that little bit further. 443 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:38,700 In 241 BC, the Carthaginian politicians 444 00:18:38,700 --> 00:18:41,700 sent word to Hamilcar Barca that he was on his own 445 00:18:41,700 --> 00:18:44,880 and could choose to make peace with the Romans if he wished. 446 00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:46,980 Hamilcar was stunned. 447 00:18:46,980 --> 00:18:49,200 He felt betrayed by the politicians. 448 00:18:49,200 --> 00:18:52,590 Some sources say he refused to even negotiate. 449 00:18:52,589 --> 00:18:56,399 Nevertheless terms had to be drawn up. 450 00:18:56,400 --> 00:18:58,800 Well Hammy, I'm glad you Carthaginians 451 00:18:58,799 --> 00:19:00,599 have finally come to your senses and 452 00:19:00,599 --> 00:19:03,119 recognized who the true winner is. 453 00:19:03,119 --> 00:19:04,529 How many fleets did you lose? 454 00:19:04,529 --> 00:19:05,363 Blah, blah, blah. 455 00:19:05,363 --> 00:19:06,779 Okay, here are our terms. 456 00:19:06,779 --> 00:19:09,899 You leave Sicily to us and return all of our prisoners. 457 00:19:09,900 --> 00:19:11,880 You're not allowed to make war against Syracuse 458 00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:13,800 or her allies and you have to pay us 459 00:19:13,799 --> 00:19:17,549 2200 talents of silver over the next 20 years. 460 00:19:17,549 --> 00:19:19,319 What's a talent of silver? 461 00:19:19,319 --> 00:19:21,089 Well, to put it in perspective, 462 00:19:21,089 --> 00:19:23,639 in the year 2022, that'll be worth around, 463 00:19:23,640 --> 00:19:25,740 let's say 40 million U.S. dollars. 464 00:19:25,740 --> 00:19:27,329 Ay caramba! 465 00:19:27,329 --> 00:19:28,619 That will cripple us. 466 00:19:28,619 --> 00:19:30,659 Wow, we got a real smart guy over here. 467 00:19:30,660 --> 00:19:32,790 Yeah, that's kind of the point, you dingus. 468 00:19:32,789 --> 00:19:33,623 Ugh. 469 00:19:33,623 --> 00:19:35,370 I guess I have no choice. 470 00:19:35,369 --> 00:19:36,202 I accept. 471 00:19:36,202 --> 00:19:37,036 Great. 472 00:19:37,036 --> 00:19:38,910 Oh, by the way, we changed our minds. 473 00:19:38,910 --> 00:19:41,160 You actually have to pay us 3,200 talents 474 00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:42,570 of silver over 10 years. 475 00:19:42,569 --> 00:19:43,470 Thanks for accepting. 476 00:19:43,470 --> 00:19:44,303 Dude! 477 00:19:44,303 --> 00:19:45,136 See you later. 478 00:19:45,135 --> 00:19:47,012 Hey, you didn't let me say uncool. 479 00:19:48,150 --> 00:19:49,680 He didn't let me say uncool. 480 00:19:49,680 --> 00:19:51,870 The treaty was extremely punishing, 481 00:19:51,869 --> 00:19:54,239 and by switching up the terms at the last minute 482 00:19:54,240 --> 00:19:56,700 they enraged the Carthaginians, 483 00:19:56,700 --> 00:19:59,610 but still one of the longest and deadliest 484 00:19:59,609 --> 00:20:03,209 wars at the time was finally over. 485 00:20:03,210 --> 00:20:05,160 The Romans had won. 486 00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:07,920 They achieved their aim of gaining Sicily. 487 00:20:07,920 --> 00:20:09,870 And even though it wasn't part of the peace deal 488 00:20:09,869 --> 00:20:12,000 they took advantage of a weakened Carthage 489 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:14,970 and grabbed Corsica and Sardinia as well. 490 00:20:14,970 --> 00:20:19,589 Roman expansion beyond the Italian peninsula had just begun. 491 00:20:19,589 --> 00:20:21,839 The Romans hoped that now the Carthaginians 492 00:20:21,839 --> 00:20:23,759 would forever be under their thumb. 493 00:20:23,759 --> 00:20:26,490 Unfortunately, the harsh terms they placed 494 00:20:26,490 --> 00:20:28,529 on the Carthaginians at the end of the war 495 00:20:28,529 --> 00:20:30,420 left a growing anger. 496 00:20:30,420 --> 00:20:33,630 One that would come back to haunt them. 497 00:20:33,630 --> 00:20:36,960 One day, Carthage will have its revenge. 498 00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:38,009 That's nice dear. 499 00:20:38,009 --> 00:20:39,269 I'm serious woman. 500 00:20:39,269 --> 00:20:43,500 Maybe not in my lifetime, but perhaps in his. 501 00:20:43,500 --> 00:20:48,500 My beautiful son, you are born into a momentous destiny. 502 00:20:50,670 --> 00:20:53,970 You shall be Rome's greatest enemy. 503 00:20:53,970 --> 00:20:56,519 You'll tear Rome limb from limb. 504 00:20:56,519 --> 00:20:59,759 You'll burn their pathetic city into the ground. 505 00:20:59,759 --> 00:21:04,109 You'll slaughter their people, men, women and children. 506 00:21:04,109 --> 00:21:09,109 My child, you are vengeance. 507 00:21:09,180 --> 00:21:11,549 Stop telling our baby he's vengeance. 508 00:21:11,549 --> 00:21:14,519 But he is Barbara, he's vengeance. 509 00:21:14,519 --> 00:21:18,809 That may be so someday, but for now our son has a name 510 00:21:18,809 --> 00:21:21,210 and you should call him that instead. 511 00:21:21,210 --> 00:21:24,156 His name is... 512 00:21:24,156 --> 00:21:26,906 (dramatic music) 513 00:21:32,579 --> 00:21:34,529 Don't 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