This video is sponsored by me.
Over the decades, anti-gravity has been
the stuff of science fiction.
But with the recent government releases
of videos showing UAPs doing things that
we cannot explain, and even
congressional meetings on the subject,
one of the fundamental features of these
craft, objects, or whatever they may be,
is their seeming ability to manipulate
gravity in a way which we simply have no
clue about.
Now, this may be just coming from the
fevered imagination of AI, or just the
latest form of disinformation or
perception management, possibly using
UAP stories as a cover narrative. But
what it does do is to make us look again
at gravity and the seemingly gaping
holes in our knowledge of what it really
is, and the attempts to try and make it
work for us like other fundamental
forces of nature, like electromagnetism.
Almost everything so far which has been
claimed to be a form of anti-gravity is
just really using other known forces.
Though there is a very interesting
effect which, if verified, could be the
closest we have come so far, and we'll
look at that later.
A plane could be said to be an
anti-gravity machine because it can lift
you up and away from the surface of the
earth and the gravitational pull. But
it's actually using the pressure
differential of a wing traveling through
air at speed create lift.
A rocket does a similar thing by burning
fuel which expands, creating thrust and
pushing it along. With enough thrust, it
can overcome the pull of Earth's
gravity, but it's nothing more than a
chemical reaction.
And magnets can lift objects and
vehicles so that they float above a
surface.
But this is just the effect of repulsive
magnetism, like when you try and force
two magnets together with the same poles
on each. It's just the electromagnetic
force.
In the '80s and '90s, gyroscopic
inertial thrusters were seen as
potential sources of reactionless
thrust.
When seen in action, they appear to be
able to generate lift and defy gravity.
They use various methods of leverage
against the support of a large flywheel
or gyroscope. And this appears to
generate lift when the angle of the
gyroscope is changed, but after years of
theoretical and laboratory testing by
NASA and others, no thrust or
anti-gravity forces in free space were
found to be produced.
Other so-called anti-gravity lifters
using the Biefeld-Brown effect are in
fact using the propulsive force of ion
flow.
By charging a very lightweight object or
lifter, usually with a positive high
voltage, the surrounding air is ionized.
As the ions are attracted to the
opposite negative electrode, usually the
ground, they interact with the neutral
air molecules, creating an air flow with
enough force to levitate the lifter.
Some claimed that the effect works in a
vacuum and therefore must be some form
of interaction between the electric
field and the Earth's gravity field, and
implying that it could be used to create
an anti-gravity effect. When NASA tested
it in a vacuum equivalent to that found
in the lower Earth orbit, the effect
disappeared, proving that it was caused
by the propulsive force of ions pushing
against the air.
Gravity is one of the fundamental
forces, and thus anti-gravity, in
theory, would be impossible.
It has been proposed that if another
force could attract matter or repel it
like a theoretical anti-gravity, then
maybe a machine could be made to
simulate that effect.
One of the simplest possible loopholes
used to be antimatter. If antimatter
fell upwards in Earth's gravitational
field, then it would have been a real
form of repulsive gravity
and a major crack in our current
theories.
But in 2023, CERN's Alpha G experiment
directly measured [clears throat] the
motion of antihydrogen and found that,
within the limits of the experiment,
antimatter falls downward like normal
matter. That does not explain why the
universe contains so little antimatter,
but it does make the most obvious form
of anti-gravity much less likely.
So, what about gravity shielding,
similar to a Faraday shield for radio
waves? Electromagnetic fields are easy
to shield because they have both
positive and negative charges. By
arranging these charges in a conductor,
like the Faraday shield, you can cancel
out an external field.
To see if any material does have an
effect on the weak equivalence
principle, this has now been tested to
an extraordinary level of precision. The
weak equivalence principle, or WEP, aka
the universality of free fall, states
that all uncharged, structureless test
particles fall with the same
acceleration in a gravitational field,
regardless of their mass or composition.
This is very similar to the hammer and
feather test that the Apollo astronauts
did on the moon to see if in a vacuum
they both fall at the same rate.
Universal attraction, according to WEP,
says that all mass energy acts as a
single type of gravitational charge.
Because there is no known negative mass,
you cannot create a configuration of
matter that cancels out the gravity of,
say, a nearby object, like another
planet, by adding more matter. The only
thing it does is it just increases the
total gravitational pull.
From 2016 to 2018, the Microscope
satellite compared how different
materials fall in Earth orbit and found
no violation of the WEP down to one part
in a quadrillion, or one with 15 zeros
after it.
If ordinary materials could block or
alter gravity in any simple way, that
was the kind of experiment where the
difference might have started to show
up.
Now, this episode's sponsor is me.
I've mentioned occasionally that I'm a
bit of a synth head, and I've been into
electronic music since I was 12, way
back in 1974.
That was the year that Tangerine Dream
released Phaedra. Kraftwerk released
Autobahn, and Isao Tomita released
Snowflakes are Dancing, three landmark
electronic albums from pioneering
artists that had a huge influence on me.
But it was Tomita's work that really
fascinated me. Over nine albums from
1974 to '84, he took classical works by
composers like Debussy, Mussorgsky,
Stravinsky, Holst, and many others, and
recreated them electronically using
synthesizers such as the Moog modular.
Now, this was similar in concept to
Wendy Carlos' Switched-On Bach, but
Tomita's music was more colorful,
surreal, and flamboyant.
Back then, I knew almost nothing about
classical music, and the sounds Tomita
created were completely new to me and
everyone else.
That combination of classical
composition and the strange, beautiful,
otherworldly electronic sound was
utterly fascinating.
It followed the original scores, but
somehow sounded like nothing else.
Since 1998, on and off, I've been making
electronic music inspired by that same
approach.
I'm not covering the same pieces Tomita
did, but reworking other works by some
of those composers using a mixture of
hardware and software synthesizers.
Last year, I finally had an album's
worth of material that I felt was good
enough to release.
This is what I'm promoting today.
As I've [music] been speaking, you've
been hearing snippets of the music from
the album.
This is made very much in the spirit of
Tomita, classical pieces reimagined
through synthesis with dark, bright,
strange, colorful [music] sounds and a
deliberately electronic character.
So, if you're a fan of Tomita-styled
music, or you're into the more eclectic
electronic music, you can hear the whole
thing for free on my Bandcamp page,
paulshelitommusic.bandcamp.com.
If you enjoy it, you can purchase the
album or individual tracks for the price
of a coffee or two.
It helps support the channel, and it
also helps keep this slightly unusual
corner
of electronic music alive.
In scientific papers published between
1991 and '93, American scientist Ning Li
claimed that anti-gravity effects could
be achieved if the ions in a
Bose-Einstein
condensate, that's a state of matter
where all the atoms in it can act like
one, could be trapped into a
high-temperature superconducting disk
with a time-varying magnetic field. A
huge amount of energy could be stored in
its lattice structure in this way.
As each ion would spin rapidly, it would
create a tiny gravitational field.
However, because all the ions in the
Bose-Einstein condensate would be
aligned, the effect would be magnified
by the billions of ions in the disk.
The theory is that this would create a
gravity-like field that could either
increase or decrease the effect of
gravity, which Ning Li called AC gravity
because it could be attractive or
repulsive in nature.
She said that the experiments in the lab
had created a beam-like effect above the
disk, which affected matter for some
distance and this backed up her
theories.
Even though it had created a lot of
interest at the time, in 1997 she
published another paper saying that
using new measurements with a more
sensitive gravimeter had shown the
effect to be either very small or
non-existent. In 2000 Ning Li left the
University of Alabama and set up her own
company, AC Gravity LLC. And in 2001 she
was awarded a grant worth just under
$450,000
from the Department of Defense to
investigate it further.
Since then she has all but disappeared
and nothing more has been heard about
her research but the company, AC Gravity
LLC, apparently was still in business.
Ning Li died in 2021
and as of now there is still no public,
independently repeated demonstrations of
her AC Gravity idea. So her work remains
one of the more intriguing anti-gravity
claims to come from the 1990s and early
2000s but it is not a confirmed
technology.
Experiments carried out by Evgeny
Podkletnov in the early 1990s using
rotating superconducting disks in a
magnetic field claimed to decrease the
effect of gravity by about 2% on objects
placed above the disk and again it
appeared to act like a beam above the
disk for a considerable distance.
However, these results had not been able
to be verified by other scientists. He
claimed that the other researchers had
not used the same setup and that's the
reason why they could not reproduce the
same results.
And when NASA was about to complete the
experiments they ran out of funding and
the research was taken over by the
Department of Defense and he was shut
out of any further research in the US
because of his Russian citizenship.
This and Ning Li's work is said to have
prompted Boeing to investigate the
effect of rotating superconductors with
Project GRASP, Gravity Research for
Advanced Space Propulsion.
With potential uses including space
launches, artificial gravity on
spacecraft, aircraft propulsion and
fuel-less electricity generation.
Although others have pointed out that if
the effect could be proven and directed
into a beam, it would be able to be
weaponized creating steerable artificial
gravity forces to destabilize missiles,
planes and satellites.
Since the information was released,
Boeing has backtracked and said it was
offered the proposal but chose not to
fund it with company money but refused
to comment if this was a black project
on the company books.
This is also where the story starts to
overlap with the more controversial
subject of classified aerospace work and
UAP claims.
To keep the known science separate from
speculation, there is no public evidence
that Boeing, NASA, the Department of
Defense or any private contractor has
demonstrated working anti-gravity
propulsion.
What does exist are historical
proposals, rumors and claims around
black projects, some of which use the
same language of superconductors, field
propulsion, gravity beams or inertial
mass reduction.
These and others are based on the idea
of gravit electromagnetism which looks
at the analogies between Maxwell's
equations for electromagnetism and
Einstein's equations of relativistic
gravitation.
Basically the premise is that just as a
spinning electron creates a magnetic
field, then a massive spinning object
like the Earth will create drag on
space-time, a bit like when you spin a
ball in a viscous fluid like oil.
Although this drag was predicted nearly
a hundred years ago, Einstein called it
frame dragging, it's taken the best part
of a century to prove if it actually
existed with several independent
satellite missions which did indeed
measure a small but noticeable dragging
effect. This is important because our
current theories of gravity are that
mass curves the otherwise flat
space-time and this deformation of
space-time is gravity.
This is shown quite well with the weight
in a rubber sheet experiment that
represents the Sun and pulls the sheet
down in the center.
A ball rolling in a straight direction
follows the curve. This is like the
Earth which is traveling in a straight
line but is caught in the curve of
space-time created by the Sun's mass and
so long as the Earth's speed is
constant, it orbits the Sun.
If the frame dragging effect is real,
then it is affecting gravity and a
moving object near a massive rotating
object would experience acceleration not
predicted by Newtonian laws.
It's been suggested that this effect
might be behind the massive jets of gas
that are ejected from quasars and
galactic nuclei. Rotating supermassive
black holes at the centers of galaxies
would also create enormous frame
dragging effects.
This is where the spinning
superconducting disks in Ning Li's and
the GRASP experiments come in
to simulate this frame dragging and the
gravitational warping effect but on a
very much smaller scale.
But the elephant in the room is that we
still don't know what gravity really is.
Yes, we have Newton and Einstein's laws
which predict with amazing accuracy the
effects of gravity but these theories
don't tell us how gravity works or what
the mechanism is that makes mass bend
space-time. All we know is that gravity
is a consequence of mass and the greater
the mass, the greater the bending of
space-time and hence the greater
gravity.
Although gravity works over huge
distances on the grand scale of planets,
stars and galaxies,
we don't know how it really works on the
very small things at the distances of
atomic scale because its effect is then
so weak and difficult to measure.
Conversely, we don't know how it works
where gravity is incredibly strong such
as in a black hole.
There are many theories as to how
gravity actually works but none of which
have been proven.
In quantum mechanics, there is a
prediction that a force-carrying
particle called a graviton might exist
even though there has been no proof
found of their existence.
But as all the other three fundamental
forces, strong nuclear force, the weak
nuclear force and the electromagnetic
force have at least one force carrier,
it's believed there must be one for
gravity, too, if gravity is a true
force.
Another route is quantum gravity. There
are now serious proposals for small
laboratory experiments that try to test
whether gravity can create quantum
entanglement between tiny masses.
If that is shown, it would suggest that
gravity has quantum properties. But
again, this would not be a gravity
control device. It would just be a clue
about what gravity really is at the
smallest scales.
Gravity appears to have virtually no
interaction with any other forces and
works on any form of matter, even ones
which we can't currently detect, namely
the still unknown dark matter.
There is also no known way to shield
against it because it bends space-time
which is the underlying fabric of the
universe and as such it's not really a
force.
We can only feel the effects of it when
we are stopped from moving like when
we're standing on the ground but being
pulled by the mass of the Earth below
us.
If we were free falling in space
just above the Earth, we would feel
nothing at all.
True anti-gravity would need something
deeper, negative mass, negative energy,
a new force or some way to manipulate
the geometry of space-time itself.
Then there are the observations of the
physical universe that show that the
rate of expansion from the Big Bang is
speeding up instead of the expected
slowing down under the effect of
gravity.
So either we have a major problem with
our theories of gravity or there is
something else out there that is
providing a yet unknown force which is
overpowering gravity and pushing the
universe apart in all directions which
we currently call dark energy.
And like dark matter, we cannot detect
it directly but only see the effect it
has a bit like gravity itself.
Dark energy is still one of the
strangest parts of the story. It behaves
on the largest scales like a repulsive
effect causing the expansion of the
universe to accelerate
but it's not something that we know how
to collect, focus or switch on inside a
machine.
If dark energy is a kind of
anti-gravity, then it is a cosmic one
and not an engineering tool.
So given all this, is true anti-gravity
or some form of gravity control a
realistic proposition? We still don't
know if anything has really come from
the research by Ning Li and Project
GRASP. It's been rather quiet on that
front in recent years.
A source at NASA said that the science
appeared to be sound but the difficulty
was in scaling it up.
At some point in the future when we have
a much better understanding of what
gravity really is and how it really
works, we might find a way to manipulate
it as we want but unless a new
breakthrough is announced, it appears to
be in the realm of science fiction. As
it stands, antimatter does not fall
upwards. Simple gravity shielding looks
like it's even less likely, and the old
superconducting claims remain
unverified.
But some theories, namely warp drive
mathematics, negative energy, quantum
gravity, modified gravity, and dark
energy all show that gravity is not yet
a finished subject.
But the gap between our theories and our
understanding of the real-world
engineering that will be required,
however, is still enormous.
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