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Why did the American Civil War happen What 
drove the 11 southern states to break away

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form the Confederate States of America and 
ignite a devastating conflict that tore the

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whole nation apart to understand the American 
Civil War its battles politics and the reason

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why it happened we must travel back to the early 
1800s join us to explore the conflict year by year

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1819 the newly born United States of America 
sat in a state of delicate balance 111 11 free

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states 11 slave states from the outside looking 
in it appeared to be perfect harmony equal States

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equal representation equal influence in federal 
affairs but this was only from the outside looking

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in in reality there was no focus on balance for 
the Americans instead all that mattered now was

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expansion Manifest Destiny that was the reason 
why the United States government was hellbent

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on snagging more and more territory although the 
phrase wouldn't be coined until the mid 1800s the

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belief held by by many Americans that it was the 
nation's Destiny to expand Westward as far as can

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be done drove the us to do just that Delaware 
Pennsylvania New Jersey Georgia Connecticut

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Massachusetts Maryland South Carolina New 
Hampshire Virginia New York North Carolina Rhode

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Island Vermont Kentucky Tennessee Ohio Louisiana 
Indiana Mississippi Illinois and Alabama that was

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the whole of the United States thus far as of 
1819 but only a year later this would change in

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1818 the Missouri territory previously obtained as 
part of the Louisiana Purchase began its push for

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Statehood the following year the District of Maine 
would be allowed to break off from Massachusetts

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and do the same it didn't take long for this to 
cause a conundrum for the Contemporary us however

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because the addition of two more States had the 
potential to upset the numerical balance between

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slave states and free states on the one hand 
Northerners and pro- abolitionists in Congress

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argued that the addition of Missouri which seemed 
to quickly lean toward wanting to become a slave

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state would expand slavery and thus bring them 
further away from their goals the Southerners

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though were obviously in favor of adding another 
slave state and thus argued that any new candidate

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for Statehood should have the right to decide 
for themselves just as the first 13 colonies

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which side on the fence they want to fall on the 
debate in both the House of Representatives and

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the Senate would continue into 1819 at which point 
Maine was now brought into the mix as Henry Clay

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the speaker of the house at the time suggested 
that Missouri should be added to the Union as a

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slave state but that Maine should also be added 
contrarily as a free state this proposal was

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subsequently debated into yet another year when 
in 1820 the Senate added to the bill requiring

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that any other territories north of the 36° 30 
latitude line that had been agreed upon below

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Missouri's lower border could only enter the 
Union as free states with everyone finally in

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some level of agreement the Missouri Compromise 
was signed into law this triggered a tit fortat

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war of adding one new slave state for every new 
free state and vice versa starting with Arkansas

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in 1836 Michigan the next year and Florida in 
1845 and since Florida was a slave state it was

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assumed that the the next territory to enter 
the Union and statehood would be another free

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state but this became complicated when Texas had 
a demanding request for the United States Annex us

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now the history of Texas has been a roller coaster 
thus far and yet it was only now preparing for its

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biggest climb yet Texas up until recently a part 
of Mexico after being freed from the grip of the

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Spaniards wanted to join a different Union the USA 
the Texans pleas were initially ignored by the US

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government which wasn't in much favor of annexing 
the nearby territory with growing pressure from

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Britain for Texas to be an independent nation and 
America's undeniable thirst for expansion opinions

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would soon change nevertheless and Texas would in 
fact join the union on December 29th 1845 here was

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the issue that Texas wanted to be a slave state 
which would offset the balance the Northerners

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had tried so hard to keep furthermore Texas had 
made claims to territories that put it in direct

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conflict with its former host of Mexico and with 
Texas newly a part of the United States those

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presumptuous claims were now the responsibility of 
the US something that Mexico didn't take lightly

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recently elected President James K pulk however 
didn't care one bit what the Mexicans thought

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instead he was an aggressive supporter of manifest 
destiny and quickly upon his inauguration hoped to

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seize the contested territories thus pulk at 
first attempted to purchase his desired lands

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he sent American Diplomat John Slidel to offer 
the administration in Mexico City $30 million

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in exchange for California New Mexico and disputed 
territories along the Texas border the Mexicans a

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gast and unshakeably against such an idea declines 
to even meet sidel which angered pulk the Manifest

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Destiny supporter would not be swayed by this 
rejection and instead decided that if diplomacy

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wouldn't work he would reel his neighbors into 
a war he knew the United States would win as a

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result in the early weeks of 1846 the president 
sent American troops to the Texas border to egg

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the Mexicans on and it worked it only took a 
few months for Mexican soldiers to fire on the

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Americans and give pulk the excuse to declare war 
with the Mexican-American War underway debates

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continued within the United States pertaining to 
the slave state versus free state debacle with the

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free states now outnumbered the Northerners felt 
that pulk being a southerner himself was actually

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committing his land grab in order to further 
bolster the slave state Advantage which boosted

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north to south tensions still the war raged on 
with now famed generals like ulyses srant and

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Robert E Lee showing their prowess and adding to 
their resumés while the Americans inched closer to

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Mexico's capital the city was eventually taken and 
War Fair halted leading to the long awaited Treaty

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of Guadalupe hialgo which now forced Mexico 
to seed not only the contested territories

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in California Arizona Oklahoma and New Mexico but 
also lands of modern-day Nevada Utah Colorado and

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Wyoming pulk had gotten his way and more but it 
wasn't all sunshine and rainbows new land meant

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more to fight over back home over the next few 
years Iowa Wisconsin and California would all

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give their bids for Statehood eventually bringing 
about the Compromise of 1850 this series of bills

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would address a multitude of things though mostly 
focused on the institution of slavery within the

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Union in short it determines that California would 
join the Union as a free state but was required to

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send one pro-slavery Senator to the senate in 
order to maintain the readjusted balance from

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now on however slave or free States from the 
remaining territories gained from Mexico would

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be decided as such by popular sovereignty this 
went all right at first as with the admission

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to statehood of Minnesota in 1858 and Oregon in 
1859 but predictably there was simultaneously

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another reason for tensions to rise as part of 
the new establishment of popular sovereignty

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Senator Steven Douglas suggested applying the 
strategy to a proposed newly organized Nebraska

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territory that would at once repeal the Missouri 
compromised slave state border and split the

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Nebraska territory in two now despite a struggle 
to actually pass the new bill that would become

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known as the Kansas Nebraska Act the population 
ations of both territories were left to vote on

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whether they wish to permit slavery or not the 
consequence of this and maybe unpredictably so

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was that settlers began flooding to both Nebraska 
and Kansas settlers from both sides of the slavery

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debate this slippery slope ushered in a tragic era 
known as Bleeding Kansas which would eventually

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see Kansas enter the Union in 1861 surpr 
surprisingly as a free state this would be

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the final state admitted to the union before the 
start of the Civil War why did things get to this

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point how could such a Young Nation have fallen 
into battle with itself so fast why were the North

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and South so opposed to each other the issue of 
slavery and thus the north versus South contention

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can be blamed on vastly different cultural aspects 
of the two halves of America for the north slavery

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was not really needed as the upper States had 
quickly become industrialized and thus didn't have

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to rely on as much Manpower this gave Northern 
citizens the opportunity to unbiasedly consider

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the moral standing of the entire institution of 
slavery prompting many to call it into question

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supported by the ideas of European immigrants who 
had come from Nations that had already outlawed

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slavery these Northerners began to turn toward 
abolitionism this was in total opposition to

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their fellow Americans down south of course 
but this was because the South had failed to

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industrialize as the North had instead Southerners 
were more economically dependent on free labor

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for plantations and the like which meant that 
their personal finances and way of life could

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be entirely affected by the Banning of slavery 
thus making it hard for a southerner to even

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give the moral aspect a second thought though some 
did and still supported the institution and with

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the invention of the cotton Jin the matter only 
became more solidified the South needed slavery

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the problem then arose as the north wondered if 
southerners wanted to extend slavery even further

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whereas the latter worried that the former was 
going to take the slaves they already had both

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ironically would be right the North and South 
were miles away from reconciling this difference

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debatably there was also the issue of federal 
versus state rights although this factor is hard

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to blame entirely not only did the later formed 
Confederacy have a shockingly large bureaucratic

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system for a collection of States who were 
opposed to overbearing Federal governments

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but there had also been previous opportunities 
such as during the Nullification Crisis a few

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decades prior for the South to go to war with the 
North or at least raise more of a Ruckus if state

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rights were the core issue still it is true that 
many people at the time particularly in the South

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had more loyalty to their state than country 
as a whole and State versus Federal disconnect

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likely played somewhat of a role in tensions 
even if second fiddle to the slavery argument

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the Fanning of of the Flames however came from a 
string of amplifying events the Fugitive Slave Act

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for example have been part of the Compromise 
of 1850 and galvanized abolitionists as it

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had made the federal government responsible for 
finding returning and penalizing escaped slaves

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and anyone who aided them even if they made it to 
a free state with the Northerners deeply troubled

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by this development political active citizens of 
the upper United States would soon form their own

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opposition party to the pro-slavery Democrats the 
Republican party this new entity would also become

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host to the controversial Abraham Lincoln shortly 
after its birth Lincoln had previously served in

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the US House of Representatives in 1846 before 
joining the Republicans and running for Senate

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a decade later although he lost the senate race 
to St Douglas the series of speeches and debates

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that preceded the election had both catapulted 
him to popularity in the north while earning him

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a fair share of enemies in the South his mere 
existence as a political entity thus stirred

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the pot and increased tensions but then so 
did Bleeding Kansas Guerilla Warfare is one

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way that this period from 1855 through 1859 has 
been described while Nebraska was somewh whatat

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hit by the flood of both Pro and anti-slavery 
settlers hoping to sway the coming vote it was

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Kansas that was truly beaten pro-slavery 
residents of neighboring states used legal

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loopholes to cross the border and vote in Kansas's 
territorial elections setting off a domino effect

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that would lead to a split government and allout 
violence historians estimate that anywhere from

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50 to 200 Americans died as a consequence in the 
4-year span something akin to pouring a couple

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of gallons of gasoline on the growing fire 
burning towards Civil War Charles Sumner's

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Congressional speech about Kansas would further 
heighten the situation a republican northerner

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suar had actually memorized every last word in his 
impassioned speech titled the crime against Kansas

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in which he lambasted the entire institution of 
slavery and even took direct Jabs at proslavery

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Senators this instance serves as a clear example 
of the current level of tensions in the union and

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Congress as South Carolina Representatives Preston 
Brooks and Lawrence Keat reacted to the damning

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speech by physically assaulting Charles Summoner 
with a cane beating him so severely that he would

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need three full years of leave to recover and 
this was only a year before one of the most

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controversial and anger fueling incidents of the 
entire leadup to the Civil War it was The Dread

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Scott case that soon put the move toward allout 
military conflict between the North and South

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into hyperdrive the case revolved around a slave 
since birth by the name of Dread Scott after the

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death of his original owner In 1832 Scott had 
been purchased by a man named John Emerson and

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upon his death Scott and his family would then 
be transferred to the ownership of Emerson's wife

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Irene previously scottt and his family have been 
brought along for travels across multiple free

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states and territories although at no point had 
they attempted to run or sue for their freedom

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instead once Irene took ownership Scott attempted 
to buy their freedom off her Irene was obstinate

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and insisted on keeping her slaves around which 
led dread and his wife Harriet to finally go the

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route of a lawsuit they each filed on the basis 
of two Missouri statutes as they were currently

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living with Irene in St Louis one stated that 
any slave taken to a free state would thus be

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free and could not be returned to enslavement 
even if they left the Free State while the other

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allowed for anyone to file a suit for wrongful 
enslavement the Scott couple was given logistical

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support from abolitionists fellow churchgoers and 
ironically the family of their pre previous owner

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this allowed them to actually take their case 
to court which was first shot down in 1847 on a

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technicality but was given the option of a retrial 
the next trial would come in January of 1850 and

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this time the Scots actually won their freedom 
Irene however quickly appealed the decision to

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the Missouri Supreme Court 2 years later the 
court sided once more with Irene thus rein

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slaving the Scott family unwilling to give 
up now Scott filed a federal lawsuit with the

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United States circuit court for the District of 
Missouri the following year before the case could

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be decided upon again Irene would transfer the 
Scots over to her brother John Sanford hence the

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name of the new case Dread Scott versus Sanford 
in the spring of 1854 the Federal Court ruled

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in favor of Sanford thus prompting to appeal yet 
again now to the United States Supreme Court this

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final trial would start on February 11th 1856 with 
a growing list of abolitionist and even politician

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supporters in favor of the Scots nevertheless 
less than a month later a decision was made and

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once more Dread Scott had lost and not only this 
but the judge most notably credited for the final

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ruling as asserted that no African-American even 
had the right to sue for anything in the federal

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court because they lacked the ability to be United 
States citizens while the Scots would already

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have their freedom by now thanks to Irene's new 
abolitionist husband and the help of their Old

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owner family the case itself was the final straw 
for many abolitionists John Brown had now gone

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down in history as one of America's most infamous 
abolitionists and on October 16th 1859 he would

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prove exactly why he warned an army Watchman as he 
and a group of fellow abolitionists launched what

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would be an ambitious But ultimately failed raid 
on Harper's Ferry after taking several hostages

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from the town and capturing the US Armory and 
Arsenal the Raiders would be stalled by a local

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militia as General Robert E Lee made his way into 
the town to wrap things up Brown and his men had

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aimed to spark a local slave rebellion but instead 
many of the Raiders were killed once Lee and his

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Marines arrived with brown himself being captured 
and later hanged for his acts of treason against

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the state of Virginia John Brown had failed and 
he had died but his animosity for the South was

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shared by far too many for the tide to be turned 
by this point with the election of anti-slavery

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Northern govern ER Abraham Lincoln in 1860 to the 
presidency enough was enough immediately after the

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future emancipator was elected to office the South 
Carolina General Assembly called for a convention

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to consider secession much to the pleasure of 
the locals South Carolina thus voted unanimously

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to leave the United States of America days later 
they issued a document justifying their decision

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to seced and making one dramatically important 
point in the process a geographical line has

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been drawn across the union and it truly had 10 
more Southern States would follow suit and join

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the newly founded Confederate States of America 
led by their chosen President Jefferson Davis

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the union President Abraham Lincoln refused to 
recognize the Confederacy as legitimate insisting

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that he wished to take no one's slaves and simply 
wanted to keep the Union together this meant nil

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to the southerners who were rapidly attempting 
to create a unified Nation out of a handful of

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States who had all made a big fuss about State 
autonomy and not just that but the South was at

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a major disadvantage for the impending War precise 
numbers are debated but it can be estimated that

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at the time of the mass secession and formation of 
the Confederacy the union boasted a population of

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roughly 22 million million in comparison to the 
South's approximate 9 million of those numbers

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the union would eventually enlist around 2 million 
soldiers whilst the Confederates would only tally

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about 900,000 furthermore the Northerners had 
something close to 20,000 Mi worth of railroads

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which was double what the Confederate States could 
claim thus giving the Union a better Advantage for

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moving troops and supplies in Wartime and while 
it's often argued that the Confederate generals

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00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:08,000
such as Robert E Lee Stonewall Jackson James 
Long Street Nathan Bedford Forest and Patrick

194
00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:14,240
curn gave the South a tactical military Edge on 
their upstairs neighbors the north was surely

195
00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:19,519
ahead in other ways like the fact that they 
produced around 90% of goods in the former

196
00:23:19,519 --> 00:23:26,920
United States at the time but still the union was 
losing its grip on the south and only had limited

197
00:23:26,920 --> 00:23:33,960
Holdings left in Confederates States and it was 
about to lose another Fort Sumpter was the last

198
00:23:33,960 --> 00:23:40,920
Union stronghold in South Carolina and strong 
is being generous it was outmanned and under

199
00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:46,800
supplyed to say the least and with Southerners 
now cracking down on Union property within their

200
00:23:46,799 --> 00:23:52,639
borders it was surrounded the Confederates 
attempted to force the little remaining Union

201
00:23:52,640 --> 00:24:01,240
forces at the Fort to surrender the latter refused 
and the Confederates opened fire the Civil War had

202
00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:15,000
begun Fort Sumpter failed to be evacuated by the 
Confederate deadline 6,000 Southerners now had

203
00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:22,160
Charleston Harbor surrounded Cannon and mortar 
stared down the fort at 4:30 a.m. on April 12th

204
00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:30,279
1861 a gunner at Fort Johnson set off a 10in 
mortar sending the explosive into the early

205
00:24:30,279 --> 00:24:38,000
morning skies above Fort Sumpter the detonation 
lighting up the blue and telling all those around

206
00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:46,440
one thing the Civil War had begun as the men of 
Fort Sumpter scurried to prepare local citizens

207
00:24:46,440 --> 00:24:52,240
clambered to rooftops in hopes of watching 
the Monumental battle occur one by one the

208
00:24:52,240 --> 00:24:58,079
Confederates began firing upon the union held Fort 
until every available Cannon and mortar across the

209
00:24:58,079 --> 00:25:04,679
har was bombarding Sumpter the scarcely staffed 
Union Garrison fired back as best they could with

210
00:25:04,680 --> 00:25:11,279
a little Manpower and cartridges they had but 
not much could be done the Confederates were

211
00:25:11,279 --> 00:25:17,319
unrelenting the attack would continue into the 
following day at one point setting the roof of

212
00:25:17,319 --> 00:25:24,679
the fort Ablaze but alas its Defenders refused 
to come out still so impressed by the stubborn

213
00:25:24,680 --> 00:25:31,080
Valor of their foes the Confederates even began 
to cheer for each shot fired from the fort but

214
00:25:31,079 --> 00:25:38,319
this was far from enough to stop the south in 
fact the Confederates were becoming increasingly

215
00:25:38,319 --> 00:25:45,240
more aggressive in the early afternoon of April 
13th the flag pole holding up the Union flag of

216
00:25:45,240 --> 00:25:52,440
Fort Sumpter was hit and broken this moment of 
foreshadowing was followed by a chaotic period

217
00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:59,000
of diplomatic negotiations which would finally 
find success it was agreed that the Union troops

218
00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:06,880
would after all evacuate firing a salute to their 
makeshift tattered flag they were off and the

219
00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:13,520
Confederates had won the first battle of the Civil 
War as a result of the Battle of Fort Sumpter and

220
00:26:13,519 --> 00:26:19,920
the undeniable start of what would be a long and 
gruesome bloody domestic War President of the

221
00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:28,279
Union Abraham Lincoln put out a call on April 15th 
for 75,000 militia volunteers to stop what he ref

222
00:26:28,279 --> 00:26:34,119
referred to as an illegitimate Rebellion this act 
would trigger the remaining Confederate states to

223
00:26:34,119 --> 00:26:40,799
be to officially leave the union and Lincoln would 
double down by calling for an additional 40,000

224
00:26:40,799 --> 00:26:48,200
men to serve for a three-year span Jefferson Davis 
leader of the Confederate States countered with a

225
00:26:48,200 --> 00:26:56,080
call for an additional 100,000 militia men of 
his own proposing a 12-month service at this

226
00:26:56,079 --> 00:27:03,799
point in time neither side wanted the war to last 
long in fact some in the South had actually hoped

227
00:27:03,799 --> 00:27:09,319
that the attack on Fort Sumpter would scare 
the union into diplomacy instead of an armed

228
00:27:09,319 --> 00:27:14,919
conflict the Confederates knew they were greatly 
outnumbered and were smart enough to recognize the

229
00:27:14,920 --> 00:27:22,200
obstacles they' need to overcome to beat the north 
however they weren't the only ones with concerning

230
00:27:22,200 --> 00:27:28,519
weaknesses over in the union many of Lincoln's 
cabinet and his own generals question questioned

231
00:27:28,519 --> 00:27:35,440
his ability to lead the nation through a war and 
yet Lincoln's generals themselves were their own

232
00:27:35,440 --> 00:27:43,160
problem many had grown old or even unhealthy and 
nearly incapable altogether leaving the president

233
00:27:43,160 --> 00:27:49,000
with some difficulty when it came to choosing 
who would lead his armies throughout the conflict

234
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:56,440
nevertheless armies needed to be led and plans 
needed to be made and as for what the North had

235
00:27:56,440 --> 00:28:04,960
in store for the South one must only look at the 
Union's Anaconda Plan Lieutenant General Winfield

236
00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:10,880
Scott was the man responsible for providing this 
strategy while it was only partially used in

237
00:28:10,880 --> 00:28:17,440
technicality by the end of the war it seemed that 
Scott had rather precisely predicted the approach

238
00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:23,600
of his nation's tactics it was his idea that 
the union should focus on a strong defense of

239
00:28:23,599 --> 00:28:30,639
DC an unforgiving blockade of the south from the 
Atlantic and Gulf coasts and a brutal Land and

240
00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:37,080
Sea attack along the Mississippi River to sever 
the Confederates in two named for its attempt

241
00:28:37,079 --> 00:28:43,799
to strangle the South into submission the Anaconda 
Plan seemed doable but the strategy on paper would

242
00:28:43,799 --> 00:28:50,960
be shelv early into the war due to political 
pressure Lincoln hoped to ease by the end of

243
00:28:50,960 --> 00:28:58,200
May nevertheless the union had already crossed the 
pomac and took hold of Arlington Heights this set

244
00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:03,240
off the start of intermittent skirmishes that 
would carry on throughout the war between each of

245
00:29:03,240 --> 00:29:11,000
the major battles with the first of the latter on 
Virginia soil coming in early June at the Battle

246
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:17,319
of big bethl the forces of the Confederates and 
the United States met at the Village of big bethl

247
00:29:17,319 --> 00:29:24,000
on June 10th 1861 the North had hoped to create 
a buffer for themselves around Fort Monroe one

248
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:31,039
of the last Union strongholds in the area this 
would ultimately fail however leading to another

249
00:29:31,039 --> 00:29:38,200
Confederate Victory and an unexpected direction 
that this war seemed to be going in the incapacity

250
00:29:38,200 --> 00:29:44,600
of Lincoln's military leaders was showing already 
and the Confederates had starkly the opposite when

251
00:29:44,599 --> 00:29:51,199
it came to their Generals in a unique win for the 
union however the Wheeling conventions around this

252
00:29:51,200 --> 00:29:56,960
time resulted in the Northwestern counties of 
Virginia voting to break free from their current

253
00:29:56,960 --> 00:30:03,240
state and begin the process of forming the new 
state of West Virginia which would Ally with the

254
00:30:03,240 --> 00:30:11,359
north with momentums and their saes now the union 
decided it was time to begin the main objective

255
00:30:11,359 --> 00:30:19,319
take Richmond and end the war once and for all 
as General Irvin McDow began the march with his

256
00:30:19,319 --> 00:30:26,519
35,000 men the largest field Army yet gathered on 
the continent cheering civilians began to follow

257
00:30:26,519 --> 00:30:33,480
the troops with picnic baskets and unwavering 
excitement they the Northerners believed that

258
00:30:33,480 --> 00:30:39,680
their men were marching into an assured victory 
that would collapse the Confederacy and rebuild

259
00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:48,240
their Nation what happened instead was the Battle 
of BU run mcdow's troops were made up almost

260
00:30:48,240 --> 00:30:54,319
entirely of men who had responded to the Call to 
Arms by President Lincoln following the assault on

261
00:30:54,319 --> 00:31:00,559
Fort Sumpter meaning that they lacked experience 
or even even understanding of what they were about

262
00:31:00,559 --> 00:31:07,839
to face nevertheless McDow was leading them to 
seize a crucial railroad's Junction at Manasses

263
00:31:07,839 --> 00:31:14,519
just near the bullrun stream that stood in their 
way it was here that the Confederate forces sat

264
00:31:14,519 --> 00:31:22,839
waiting to defend however which all played into 
mcdow's plan the goal was to use his three columns

265
00:31:22,839 --> 00:31:28,480
to confront the Confederate force in the front 
and right flank to eventually push them into

266
00:31:28,480 --> 00:31:34,839
abandoning the railroad Junction as the Union Army 
was approaching the Confederate Army of the pomac

267
00:31:34,839 --> 00:31:41,079
under the command of General Pierre GT borgard 
requested aid from Richmond a request that was

268
00:31:41,079 --> 00:31:48,279
intended to be answered with reinforcement by the 
army of shenendoa under General Joseph E Johnston

269
00:31:48,279 --> 00:31:55,480
Johnston though was being stalled by the Union 
force of 18,000 men under Major General Robert

270
00:31:55,480 --> 00:32:02,039
Patterson Patterson was tasked with preventing 
the army of shenendoa from reaching bullrun

271
00:32:02,039 --> 00:32:10,680
meanwhile McDow was getting closer and closer to 
board's defenses as they inched near McDow sent

272
00:32:10,680 --> 00:32:16,960
roughly 5,000 of his men with Brigadier General 
Theodore runan to guard the rear while another

273
00:32:16,960 --> 00:32:22,559
division under Brigadier General Daniel Tyler was 
dispatched to try and hit the Confederate right

274
00:32:22,559 --> 00:32:28,919
flank this resulted in a smallscale clash between 
Daniel's force and the Confederate at blackburns

275
00:32:28,920 --> 00:32:36,680
Ford where the Northerners were beaten back over 
with Patterson the union troops weren't doing much

276
00:32:36,680 --> 00:32:43,000
better either despite having sent a telegraph to 
DC saying I have succeeded in accordance with the

277
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:48,640
wishes of the General in Chief and keeping 
General Johnston's forces at Winchester he

278
00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:56,480
hadn't instead when Johnston had received word of 
Bard's situation he utilized a Cavalry screen to

279
00:32:56,480 --> 00:33:04,079
give Patterson the slip and leave Winchester this 
was bad news for McDow Who currently outnumbered

280
00:33:04,079 --> 00:33:10,119
the Confederate Force he faced by more than 10,000 
if Johnston could make it to bull run before the

281
00:33:10,119 --> 00:33:16,279
battle was over which the union general soon heard 
was quite the possibility in spite of Patterson's

282
00:33:16,279 --> 00:33:25,160
confidence otherwise this would change drastically 
unfortunately for McDow the change did happen The

283
00:33:25,160 --> 00:33:33,120
Clash began on the morning of July 21st 1861 McDow 
sent two divisions from Centerville towards Sudley

284
00:33:33,119 --> 00:33:39,359
Springs in hopes of ambushing the Confederate Left 
Flank at the same time another division was sent

285
00:33:39,359 --> 00:33:45,759
as a distraction to the stone bridge intending to 
deceive the southerners this plan seemed doable

286
00:33:45,759 --> 00:33:51,920
in theory but in reality inexperienced 
men and poor execution meant the Union

287
00:33:51,920 --> 00:33:57,880
soldiers were fumbling the ball Colonel Nathan 
Evans of the Confederates defending the bridge

288
00:33:57,880 --> 00:34:04,400
was able to determine that the attack on his force 
was only a distraction and swiftly reacted racing

289
00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:11,000
with the main fragment of his troops to Matthews 
Hill to meet up with the real Union attack while

290
00:34:11,000 --> 00:34:17,519
he was unable to stop McDow due to his inferior 
numbers Evans successfully stalled the Northerners

291
00:34:17,519 --> 00:34:23,960
while reinforcements came his way although these 
reinforcements would soon collapse under Union

292
00:34:23,960 --> 00:34:33,800
pressure the Confederate defense was failing and 
and its men were on the run there stands Jackson

293
00:34:33,800 --> 00:34:40,280
like a stone wall rally behinds the virgins 
General Bernard B shouted to his beaten down

294
00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:46,600
and nearly deserting men as Johnston and borgard 
arrived at Henry house Hill the union troops had

295
00:34:46,599 --> 00:34:53,119
hesitated and were reorganizing their Advance 
giving the southerners time to do the same after

296
00:34:53,119 --> 00:34:59,759
an hour the battle was back on and the tide began 
to notably change change Confederate forces were

297
00:34:59,760 --> 00:35:06,160
able to capture Union artillery guns and the 
northern offensive was falling apart the Rebel

298
00:35:06,159 --> 00:35:13,679
Yell rang out as the union troops were one by one 
pushed off of Henry house hill by 400 p.m. the

299
00:35:13,679 --> 00:35:21,279
Confederates that won after losing their position 
the Northerners began what would at first be an

300
00:35:21,280 --> 00:35:28,640
organized Retreat within the hour however any form 
of organization had gone out the window window

301
00:35:28,639 --> 00:35:34,359
the southerners followed the fleeing enemy and 
turned the respectable defeat for the union into

302
00:35:34,360 --> 00:35:41,079
an undeniable route though some of the northern 
troops would arrive home to Washington by the next

303
00:35:41,079 --> 00:35:48,119
day their campaign had been crushed the weight 
of such a catastrophic and embarrassing loss

304
00:35:48,119 --> 00:35:54,159
was violently damaging for President Lincoln's 
reputation but there was even more going against

305
00:35:54,159 --> 00:36:00,480
him by now hey quick pause do you love what 
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306
00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:06,800
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307
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308
00:36:12,239 --> 00:36:18,279
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309
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310
00:36:25,199 --> 00:36:31,480
as the fighting got into full swing the union 
president's wartime decisions began to appear

311
00:36:31,480 --> 00:36:37,760
tyrannical to some a Crackdown on dissension 
wasn't entirely unpredictable but would prove to

312
00:36:37,760 --> 00:36:44,760
be an infringement on the First Amendment rights 
of many Americans nevertheless male telegraphs and

313
00:36:44,760 --> 00:36:51,840
the Press became regularly censored and at times 
even silenced meanwhile anyone openly showing

314
00:36:51,840 --> 00:36:58,400
support for the Confederates was at risk of being 
arrested even a democratic Congress man Clement

315
00:36:58,400 --> 00:37:04,680
L Valen digam was arrested in his home state for 
speaking out against the war while the office of

316
00:37:04,679 --> 00:37:11,079
the non-conformist Sunday Chronicle was destroyed 
by government officials all of this made many

317
00:37:11,079 --> 00:37:17,719
start to think about ideas such as impeachment but 
as Lincoln built up his defenses around DC both

318
00:37:17,719 --> 00:37:26,119
metaphorically and physically opposition was left 
in the dark meanwhile pressure from abolitionist

319
00:37:26,119 --> 00:37:32,759
activists was increasing thus far Lincoln's main 
concern was the restoration of the Union but many

320
00:37:32,760 --> 00:37:38,520
freed slaves turned activists were cranking up the 
heat on the president with the goal of pushing him

321
00:37:38,519 --> 00:37:45,440
to make the war about abolition and emancipation 
not just winning back the Confederates Hest AE

322
00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:51,480
however wasn't yet ready to change the focus of 
the war and instead signed off on the Congress P

323
00:37:51,480 --> 00:37:57,679
confiscation act of 1861 this act gave the 
federal government the authority to seize

324
00:37:57,679 --> 00:38:03,279
property from anyone deemed to be participating in 
the Rebellion property including but not limited

325
00:38:03,280 --> 00:38:10,600
to Slaves these fugitive slaves would be classed 
as Contraband and were often then utilized to work

326
00:38:10,599 --> 00:38:19,039
as laborers on Union infrastructure far from 
making the war about emancipation 4 days after

327
00:38:19,039 --> 00:38:25,599
Congress passed the first confiscation act the 
battle was back on Brigadier General Nathaniel

328
00:38:25,599 --> 00:38:31,719
Leon was about to come fa face to face with 
Brigadier General Ben mccullock and Major General

329
00:38:31,719 --> 00:38:38,119
Sterling price of the Confederacy in Springfield 
Missouri for what would be known as the Battle

330
00:38:38,119 --> 00:38:44,159
of Wilson's Creek this would be the first major 
clash of the Civil War west of the Mississippi

331
00:38:44,159 --> 00:38:50,559
and one of the fewer times that the Union forces 
were actually outnumbered in an almost amusingly

332
00:38:50,559 --> 00:38:57,920
ironic twist it turned out that both sides as of 
August 9th were planning to Ambush one another

333
00:38:57,920 --> 00:39:04,119
both of these plans specifically hinging on the 
element of surprise with neither knowing what the

334
00:39:04,119 --> 00:39:11,639
other was intending General Leon of the Union's 
tactic was to send 1,200 men under Colonel Fran

335
00:39:11,639 --> 00:39:18,559
SEO wide around the Confederate right to the South 
while the remaining Force involved would swing

336
00:39:18,559 --> 00:39:26,279
North and hit the southerners left the latter 
however actually had a similar plan but a stroke

337
00:39:26,280 --> 00:39:34,680
of luck and rain caused General McCulla to abandon 
his plans this left the element of surprise fully

338
00:39:34,679 --> 00:39:41,919
in the hands of the Northerners the marching of 
the Union broke the Silence of the morning calm

339
00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:50,480
on August 10th Leon's plan unlike mulla's was 
still on and it had begun now the Confederate

340
00:39:50,480 --> 00:39:55,920
forces were utterly dumbfounded by the Ambush 
they had failed to anticipate a surprise offensive

341
00:39:55,920 --> 00:40:01,400
from the union troops and this allowed the lad's 
advance to play out at a swift Pace Lon and his

342
00:40:01,400 --> 00:40:08,240
men were able to advance all the way to what would 
soon be known as bloody hill before being stalled

343
00:40:08,239 --> 00:40:13,639
by the palaski Arkansas batter's defense attack 
while the palaski battery kept the Northerners

344
00:40:13,639 --> 00:40:19,359
from advancing further general price and his men 
regrouped and headed for the hill where a gruesome

345
00:40:19,360 --> 00:40:26,360
battle would subsequently break out for nearly 6 
hours the union had begun The Clash with a clear

346
00:40:26,360 --> 00:40:32,559
strategic advance AG but as the Warfare on Bloody 
Hill carried on the tide began to shift in favor

347
00:40:32,559 --> 00:40:38,920
of the Confederates Mulla was eventually pitted 
against Seagal at sharp Farm where the Northerners

348
00:40:38,920 --> 00:40:44,800
thus far triumphant flanking maneuver was crushed 
by the Counterattack from the southerners so badly

349
00:40:44,800 --> 00:40:52,000
the Sigel and his troops abruptly retreated 
meanwhile Leon's luck was fading even more

350
00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:57,400
drastically himself already weakened by 
wounds he'd obtained in the prior hours of

351
00:40:57,400 --> 00:41:04,039
ruthless battle leyon was eventually struck down 
by the south requiring a hasty transfer of command

352
00:41:04,039 --> 00:41:10,800
to Major Samuel Sturgis the northerner new leader 
wasn't incompetent but victory for him by now

353
00:41:10,800 --> 00:41:17,080
seemed impossible with scarcely any ammunition 
left before the clocks even struck noon the

354
00:41:17,079 --> 00:41:25,119
union was at a full Retreat back to Springfield a 
few weeks after the battle of Wilson's Creek the

355
00:41:25,119 --> 00:41:32,199
union would finally get a win but this time by 
sea the Confederates for some time now had been

356
00:41:32,199 --> 00:41:38,960
authorizing privateering along the Carolina coast 
which predictably triggered a military response

357
00:41:38,960 --> 00:41:45,679
from the union this reaction however was poorly 
anticipated by the southerners at two forts in

358
00:41:45,679 --> 00:41:53,879
particular Fort Clark and Fort hatus this resulted 
in both partially constructed forts falling into

359
00:41:53,880 --> 00:41:59,880
Union hands after a naval bombardment forced 
the troops Manning Fort Clark to flee for Fort

360
00:41:59,880 --> 00:42:06,119
hatus which itself would soon surrender it was 
a much-needed victory for the north but it was

361
00:42:06,119 --> 00:42:13,400
followed by an even worse defeat the Confederates 
were about to take Lexington general price and

362
00:42:13,400 --> 00:42:21,880
his 15,000 men reached Lexington Missouri on 
September 11th 1861 smallscale battle began

363
00:42:21,880 --> 00:42:27,119
the next day as the Union forces attempted 
to stop the Confederate advance but price

364
00:42:27,639 --> 00:42:32,960
was better prepared and surely determined 
it wouldn't take long for the southerners

365
00:42:32,960 --> 00:42:38,119
to pin their opponent down in the college 
housing the union fortifications although

366
00:42:38,119 --> 00:42:43,639
the remaining Northerners couldn't be beat out 
or into Surrender by the Confederates a twoh hour

367
00:42:43,639 --> 00:42:50,759
artillery battle and delayed supplies caused price 
to hold off continuing the offensive temporarily

368
00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:57,120
it is unnecessary to kill off the boys here 
patience will give us what we want he explained

369
00:42:57,880 --> 00:43:03,720
less than a week later on September 18th 
however it seemed that price was satisfied

370
00:43:03,719 --> 00:43:10,480
with the patience shown thus far despite strong 
union artillery the Confederates Advanced at

371
00:43:10,480 --> 00:43:23,240
long last bottling up the Defenders once more 1 
2 3 4 nine hours of cannon fire ensued meanwhile

372
00:43:23,239 --> 00:43:28,879
the southerners were additionally in the process 
of capturing the nearby Anderson house which was

373
00:43:28,880 --> 00:43:35,960
in use as a union hospital for wounded soldiers 
this stunning potential War crime at least in

374
00:43:35,960 --> 00:43:42,000
the eyes of the Union prompted the Northerners to 
storm and retake the house but control would then

375
00:43:42,000 --> 00:43:50,119
fall back to the Confederates more permanently 2 
Days Later the city as a whole fell into Southern

376
00:43:50,119 --> 00:43:56,839
Hands the following month would see yet another 
embarrassing defeat for the Union as distrust of

377
00:43:56,840 --> 00:44:02,920
the president and his abilities were on the rise 
after some poorly executed reconnaissance across

378
00:44:02,920 --> 00:44:09,480
the pomac river over in Virginia a decision was 
made to launch another Union attack this time

379
00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:16,760
under the command of Abraham Lincoln's dear friend 
Colonel Edward Baker this Fay would be an utter

380
00:44:16,760 --> 00:44:24,880
disaster due to horrendous planning and execution 
Baker himself would be slain and his men all

381
00:44:24,880 --> 00:44:30,800
positions precariously at the edge of balls Bluff 
essentially cornered by the Confederates either

382
00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:39,000
fled were killed two or leapt to their deaths off 
the bluff many of those who did Escape furthermore

383
00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:45,000
drowned trying to cross the icy River the generals 
who had been involved in the campaign General

384
00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:51,480
Charles Stone and even General George mlen were 
heavily scrutinized and stone would eventually be

385
00:44:51,480 --> 00:44:58,480
blamed and charged with treason as a result mlen 
however was dis distant enough from the disaster

386
00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:04,480
itself and would eventually be promoted to 
general-in-chief of all Union armies despite deep

387
00:45:04,480 --> 00:45:11,599
mistrust between himself and the president this 
trust was building between DC and its overseas

388
00:45:11,599 --> 00:45:17,880
counterparts now as well particularly the bonds 
between the union and Great Britain seemed to

389
00:45:17,880 --> 00:45:26,280
be dwindling and on November 8th it would appear 
nearly nonexistent Britain thus far was acting a

390
00:45:26,280 --> 00:45:32,560
bit sympath pathetic to the South largely because 
they missed the crucial cotton exports from the

391
00:45:32,559 --> 00:45:39,159
now Confederate states as a result communication 
between the two entities led President Jefferson

392
00:45:39,159 --> 00:45:45,679
Davis to dispatch two envoys over to the British 
mail ship the Trent to try and Garner official

393
00:45:45,679 --> 00:45:53,639
support and recognition of the Confederacy 
unbeknownst to Washington on November 8th 1861

394
00:45:53,639 --> 00:46:01,400
the month after the envoys joined the British on 
their ship us Captain wils intercepted the Trent

395
00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:06,920
the captain then had his Lieutenant board the ship 
to search it at which point the Confederate envoys

396
00:46:06,920 --> 00:46:13,240
were detained and the Brits told that they could 
leave on their own this triggered a hail storm

397
00:46:13,239 --> 00:46:18,519
from Britain which deems the acts of Captain 
wils to have been both a violation of British

398
00:46:18,519 --> 00:46:25,119
neutrality as well as a blatant violation of 
the law eventually under the demand of Great

399
00:46:25,119 --> 00:46:31,079
Britain and unwillingness to go to war with 
their former overlords DC agreed to release

400
00:46:31,079 --> 00:46:37,799
the prisoners and toiled to resolve the situation 
diplomatically while this would work for the time

401
00:46:37,800 --> 00:46:45,400
being it was only the start of British influence 
on what the union was willing to do to win the

402
00:46:45,400 --> 00:46:55,680
war nearly a year after the outbreak of the 
Civil War the fates of the United States of

403
00:46:55,679 --> 00:47:03,440
America seemed to hang more in the balance than 
anyone had anticipated both sides of the conflict

404
00:47:03,440 --> 00:47:10,760
had hoped for a Swift and minimally damaging 
War yet it was clear now that the end was far

405
00:47:10,760 --> 00:47:19,680
from near and the union despite its laundry list 
of advantages was struggling the start of 1862

406
00:47:19,679 --> 00:47:27,079
had scarcely seen any significant Confederate 
losses thus far however the north was coming

407
00:47:27,079 --> 00:47:35,840
into the new year with fresh motivation and 
determination Brigadier General George Thomas and

408
00:47:35,840 --> 00:47:43,440
His 4,000 Union troops were positioned at Logan's 
Crossroads as rain poured through the growing fog

409
00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:49,480
the Confederates were only 10 mes away when they 
heard of the Northerners approach despite the poor

410
00:47:49,480 --> 00:47:54,480
weather the southerners decided to launch an 
offensive with the goal of catching the Union

411
00:47:54,480 --> 00:48:01,280
forces off guard before reinforc forc Ms could 
arrive the problem with this nevertheless was

412
00:48:01,280 --> 00:48:08,160
that by the time the Confederate troops arrived 
at Logan's Crossroads they were wet tired and

413
00:48:08,159 --> 00:48:14,879
unmotivated and their Antiquated Napoleonic typee 
flint lock muskets were horribly suited for such

414
00:48:14,880 --> 00:48:22,920
rainy conditions still even as the Northerners 
now saw the attack coming General Felix zofer

415
00:48:22,920 --> 00:48:29,519
LED his Southerners into the battlefield with high 
enthus iasm at first the Confederates seemed to

416
00:48:29,519 --> 00:48:35,679
have taken the advantage in spite of their poorly 
working Weaponry the 15th Mississippi infantry and

417
00:48:35,679 --> 00:48:42,000
20th Tennessee managed to push back the fourth 
Kentucky infantry second Minnesota and 10th

418
00:48:42,000 --> 00:48:48,960
Indiana in the midst of the foggy and chaotic 
Clash however General zofer mistook the union

419
00:48:48,960 --> 00:48:54,720
troops for his own and began to approach the 
fourth Kentucky infantry at which point he was

420
00:48:54,719 --> 00:49:00,639
shot dead by the enemy this seemed to turn the 
tide rather quickly against the southerners who

421
00:49:00,639 --> 00:49:07,199
were soon routed by the Union forces and chased 
into a disorganized Retreat leaving their dead

422
00:49:07,199 --> 00:49:15,199
wounded and weaponry behind in the utter Panic 
this Victory following another only 9 days earlier

423
00:49:15,199 --> 00:49:21,799
on January 10th at the Battle of Middle Creek 
finally gave the union something to celebrate and

424
00:49:21,800 --> 00:49:28,360
some much needed morale boosters Kentucky 2o was 
becoming more weak from a Confederate perspective

425
00:49:28,360 --> 00:49:35,519
opening up the door for further Northern influence 
in the state and over in Tennessee the union was

426
00:49:35,519 --> 00:49:44,199
making more moves on February 6th 1862 the 
north took the battle to Fort Henry oddly

427
00:49:44,199 --> 00:49:49,439
especially considering the potential significance 
of losing the fort the Confederates failed to put

428
00:49:49,440 --> 00:49:57,119
up strong defenses a union Naval bombardment would 
shortly push the stronghold to surrender however

429
00:49:57,119 --> 00:50:03,079
Confederate Brigadier General Lloyd Tillman had 
already rounded up his troops from Fort Henry

430
00:50:03,079 --> 00:50:10,679
and secretly moved them to Fort Donaldson not 
too far away 10 days later Donaldson would fall

431
00:50:10,679 --> 00:50:16,480
to the union the capture of both Fort Henry 
and Fort Donaldson meant that the Cumberland

432
00:50:16,480 --> 00:50:21,920
and Tennessee Rivers were no longer accessible 
for the Confederates which would prove to be a

433
00:50:21,920 --> 00:50:27,559
huge victory for the union and allows the north 
to keep the South cut off from both waterways

434
00:50:27,559 --> 00:50:35,239
for the rest of the war entirely Union efforts to 
capture Coastal territory continued as well with

435
00:50:35,239 --> 00:50:43,919
another Northern General Ambrose Burnside eyeing 
up the island of Rowan o on January 11th General

436
00:50:43,920 --> 00:50:51,000
Burnside had set off with a fleet of 80 ships and 
15,000 men down to their destination at the Outer

437
00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:56,639
Banks though the trip would only take a couple of 
days the actual battle would be delayed by several

438
00:50:56,639 --> 00:51:04,159
several weeks due to unideal weather conditions 
still with 10,000 of his troops Burnside would

439
00:51:04,159 --> 00:51:09,960
soon launch his offensive at which point he 
found himself face to face with confederate

440
00:51:09,960 --> 00:51:18,720
Colonel Henry Shaw and only 2,500 men the Union's 
previous victories and notable numeric Advantage

441
00:51:18,719 --> 00:51:24,639
seemed to foreshadow the results of the clash as 
the Triumph would be clear and precise with yet

442
00:51:24,639 --> 00:51:32,239
another southern surrender after being overwhelmed 
by Northern forces on February 8th the island fell

443
00:51:32,239 --> 00:51:40,159
to the union and the Takeover of the coasts seemed 
to be in full swing giving the North and Lincoln a

444
00:51:40,159 --> 00:51:47,599
long craved swell of optimism with this new Boost 
of confidence and momentum President Lincoln had

445
00:51:47,599 --> 00:51:53,119
his troops hitting the Confederates at any weak 
points they could Arkansas and Missouri became

446
00:51:53,119 --> 00:51:58,880
significant targets throughout this period as the 
north pushed through the border states and into

447
00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:05,360
the South with both Union and Confederate forces 
of Missouri Under New Management it appeared that

448
00:52:05,360 --> 00:52:12,800
a nearby struggle was imminent on one side was the 
Union Army of the Southwest under the command of

449
00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:19,880
Brigadier General Samuel Ryan Curtis whereas the 
Confederate Army of the West took its orders from

450
00:52:19,880 --> 00:52:28,000
Major General Earl Van Dorne the latter boasted 
about 16,000 men while whilst the union this

451
00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:36,199
time was outnumbered by over 5,000 predictably 
then it was the Confederates who were planning

452
00:52:36,199 --> 00:52:43,319
an attack General Van Dorne concocted a plan to 
meet the Union forces where they were stationed

453
00:52:43,320 --> 00:52:51,320
around Little Sugar Creek and Ambush them from the 
rear an ambitious plan and exhausting Journey the

454
00:52:51,320 --> 00:52:59,160
campaign wouldn't be easy but Van Dorne believed 
it' be worth it thus as the Confederates neared

455
00:52:59,159 --> 00:53:06,039
the Northerners the general split his forces in 
two one force under molik to swing around the west

456
00:53:06,039 --> 00:53:12,199
of P Ridge and the other portion under general 
price would go through the Bentonville detour

457
00:53:12,199 --> 00:53:19,719
to Telegraph Road and meets up with mullik as they 
jointly attacks the union rear near Elkhorn Tavern

458
00:53:19,719 --> 00:53:26,559
in actuality the Union forces got a heads up and 
instead of waiting for the Ambush Curtis LED his

459
00:53:26,559 --> 00:53:33,279
men to meet with Confederates near the tavern 
shots were soon fired and the battle ensued with

460
00:53:33,280 --> 00:53:39,840
a major hit to Southern morale coming early on 
when General Mulla was killed in action followed

461
00:53:39,840 --> 00:53:47,440
shortly by his second in command James McQueen 
mckintosh being slain as well nevertheless the

462
00:53:47,440 --> 00:53:54,000
Confederates though without their leaders managed 
to take the tavern and Telegraph Road by the day's

463
00:53:54,000 --> 00:54:00,519
end still the following day would see curtis' 
successful Counterattack pushing the southerners

464
00:54:00,519 --> 00:54:07,960
back and in time handing the union control of 
neighboring Missouri and a foothold remaining in

465
00:54:07,960 --> 00:54:16,480
Arkansas what had started as a strong war effort 
for the Confederates was beginning to look like a

466
00:54:16,480 --> 00:54:24,519
crumbling defense nonetheless the union had its 
own challenges at hand one in particular coming

467
00:54:24,519 --> 00:54:33,039
in the form of General George B mclen aside 
from the issue of mlen having a near complete

468
00:54:33,039 --> 00:54:39,400
lack of trust in and apparent absence of respect 
for President Lincoln via contemporary stories

469
00:54:39,400 --> 00:54:46,360
told of the General George's strategy throughout 
the Civil War could almost be described as timid

470
00:54:46,360 --> 00:54:52,920
after the indecisive results of the history-making 
battle of iron clads the union was hoping to find

471
00:54:52,920 --> 00:55:00,000
new triumph over at Richmond General mlen was 
put in charge of this new campaign but he had

472
00:55:00,000 --> 00:55:06,320
a different idea of how to go about it than the 
president did while Lincoln wanted to send George

473
00:55:06,320 --> 00:55:13,680
South to Richmond the latter was more inclined to 
head up via the peninsula by the York and James

474
00:55:13,679 --> 00:55:20,719
Rivers opening up his land Army to Naval Aid 
and utilizing the union held Fort Monroe as a

475
00:55:20,719 --> 00:55:27,559
Launchpad although it wasn't his first plan the 
president agreed to authorize mlen version and

476
00:55:27,559 --> 00:55:33,719
the campaign was ready to begin the problem with 
this however was that the Confederates had been

477
00:55:33,719 --> 00:55:41,239
expecting an incursion from that exact position 
and thus were readily prepared though lacking

478
00:55:41,239 --> 00:55:48,879
in numbers compared to the 100,000 Union troops 
and nearly 400 ships the southerners were Keen to

479
00:55:48,880 --> 00:55:58,000
defend their city and mlen was willing to do his 
part but slowly The General eneral though not bad

480
00:55:58,000 --> 00:56:05,800
at his job was a detailed planner and hesitant in 
times he quite likely didn't need to be throughout

481
00:56:05,800 --> 00:56:11,560
the campaign upon the outbreak of armed action 
at Yorktown mlen had already been under the

482
00:56:11,559 --> 00:56:17,719
impression that the enemy forces numbered the 
same or maybe even more than his own this wasn't

483
00:56:17,719 --> 00:56:25,159
entirely true but George nevertheless formed his 
strategy accordingly reacting overly cautious much

484
00:56:25,159 --> 00:56:31,480
to the annoyance of President Lincoln eventually 
after the month-long Siege he had chosen over

485
00:56:31,480 --> 00:56:38,679
an assault on the Southern Line mlen and his 
troops would take Yorktown though only because

486
00:56:38,679 --> 00:56:44,319
the Confederates evacuated this was a planned 
withdrawal by the south in order to head back

487
00:56:44,320 --> 00:56:52,400
to defend Richmond more closely but the slow to 
acts mlen saw it as his own victory in reality all

488
00:56:52,400 --> 00:57:00,079
he'd really done was given the Confederates time 
to regroup and reinforce the real defense with

489
00:57:00,079 --> 00:57:07,159
mlen yet again taking a slower paced and possibly 
poorly calculated approach the southerners led by

490
00:57:07,159 --> 00:57:13,199
General Joseph E Johnston made their way back 
to Fort McGruder to set up their new defensive

491
00:57:13,199 --> 00:57:19,679
establishing a rear guard Johnston positioned 
his men along a series of routs while Major

492
00:57:19,679 --> 00:57:26,359
General James Long Street brought his troops to 
Fort McGruder directly the Union force commanded

493
00:57:26,360 --> 00:57:33,480
by Major General Joseph Hooker launched the next 
step in the Peninsula Campaign an attack on Fort

494
00:57:33,480 --> 00:57:40,400
McGruder before the clock could even strike 
noon the battle was on the union aggression

495
00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:45,519
was met with a powerful Confederate counter 
offensive launching hooker's line back this

496
00:57:45,519 --> 00:57:51,360
was a good start for the South but more Union 
troops led by Brigadier General Philip Kierney

497
00:57:51,360 --> 00:57:57,360
soon arrived to reinforce the offensive line and 
this time it was the Confederates who were pushed

498
00:57:57,360 --> 00:58:03,640
back into their defenses the bloody battle raged 
on into the dark of night before the Confederates

499
00:58:03,639 --> 00:58:11,239
once more carried out an intentional withdrawal 
back toward Richmond as expected mlen portrayed

500
00:58:11,239 --> 00:58:18,359
this as yet another victory for himself but in 
reality the southerners saw the entire battle

501
00:58:18,360 --> 00:58:24,559
as having only been a means of stalling the 
union to begin with which they did their real

502
00:58:24,559 --> 00:58:31,840
objective was of course Force to protect Richmond 
and now having stalled the Peninsula Campaign from

503
00:58:31,840 --> 00:58:37,400
its end goal for over a month the Confederates 
had given themselves ample time to build up the

504
00:58:37,400 --> 00:58:45,240
Manpower needed to protect their Capital the war 
was looking more and more tiring but it was only

505
00:58:45,239 --> 00:58:55,039
mid 1862 and there was so much fighting left to 
do up and cominging star of the Union Civil War

506
00:58:55,039 --> 00:59:02,279
effort General ulyses S Grant had been leading his 
own Army over in Tennessee near Shiloh Church when

507
00:59:02,280 --> 00:59:10,080
on April 6th General Johnston and his men pounced 
the Union forces were blindsided by the incursion

508
00:59:10,079 --> 00:59:15,119
and the Confederates found early success as they 
drove the Northerners back in the direction of

509
00:59:15,119 --> 00:59:21,199
Pittsburgh Landing this early success on the part 
of the South came in spite of the fact that many

510
00:59:21,199 --> 00:59:28,799
men on both sides had scarcely if ever seen battle 
before and what seemed to be a swift Confederate

511
00:59:28,800 --> 00:59:33,840
victory was soon becoming more of a challenge 
as reinforcements commanded by Union general

512
00:59:33,840 --> 00:59:41,000
Don Carlos bule began to arrive as the Confederate 
effort was suddenly weakened under the union push

513
00:59:41,000 --> 00:59:47,079
back General Albert Sydney Johnston would become 
a Monumental casualty after being shot through

514
00:59:47,079 --> 00:59:53,920
an artery in his leg and bleeding to death on the 
battlefield when command shifted to General board

515
00:59:53,920 --> 01:00:00,720
as Knight set in the attack was called off and 
the rebels retreated the union could call this a

516
01:00:00,719 --> 01:00:07,839
win but some would say it was a peric victory in 
reality due to the record setting and startling

517
01:00:07,840 --> 01:00:17,120
number of casualties the brutal brawl had killed 
wounded or lost over 13,000 Union men while the

518
01:00:17,119 --> 01:00:24,000
Confederates counted more than 10,000 casualties 
this was the most deadly battle in US history thus

519
01:00:24,000 --> 01:00:33,199
far and no one was taking it lightly on a brighter 
note for the north however a late April campaign

520
01:00:33,199 --> 01:00:39,359
ended in the seizure of the vital Confederate City 
of New Orleans and better control of the Lower

521
01:00:39,360 --> 01:00:45,680
Mississippi and in more promising Fortune for the 
South Stonewall Jackson Was preparing for a new

522
01:00:45,679 --> 01:00:53,799
Confederate offensive with the odds seemingly in 
his favor I do not remember having ever seen such

523
01:00:53,800 --> 01:01:00,120
rejoicing the people seemed near frantic with 
joy our entrance into Winchester was one of the

524
01:01:00,119 --> 01:01:07,559
most stirring scenes of my life Jackson recalled 
of the event the Confederates had been entangled

525
01:01:07,559 --> 01:01:13,519
with Union forces under General Nathaniel banks 
at Strasburg before the latter began a feverish

526
01:01:13,519 --> 01:01:19,239
Retreat toward the town of Winchester Jackson 
was quick to react to this and gave Chase but he

527
01:01:19,239 --> 01:01:25,399
was struggling to determine the intended route of 
the retreating Northerners and subsequently began

528
01:01:25,400 --> 01:01:32,440
dividing up his own men to chase down the Union 
Soldiers from any angle some of Jackson's troops

529
01:01:32,440 --> 01:01:37,240
would meet up with the Northerners as a result 
dashing their hopes of reaching safety for the

530
01:01:37,239 --> 01:01:44,039
Yankees at Middletown Valley Pike and New Town 
General Banks's remaining men would eventually

531
01:01:44,039 --> 01:01:51,400
reach Abrams Creek Camp Hill and Bowers Hill 
where they braced for Jackson's arrival the

532
01:01:51,400 --> 01:01:58,519
morning of May 25th was lit up with confederate 
fire as the f began the first Target of Stonewall

533
01:01:58,519 --> 01:02:04,759
Jackson was the union Left Flank which had been 
perched at top Camp Hill this initial objective

534
01:02:04,760 --> 01:02:09,560
however was proving to be a bit too difficult 
for the general to see its worth anymore and he

535
01:02:09,559 --> 01:02:16,519
soon turned to Bower's Hill and its Defenders it 
wouldn't take long in fact only an hour for the

536
01:02:16,519 --> 01:02:22,960
Confederates to regain the upper hand and send 
the Northerners back on the run the citizens

537
01:02:22,960 --> 01:02:30,199
of Winchester made Banks's new Retreat even more 
difficult as in a stunning display of opposition

538
01:02:30,199 --> 01:02:36,039
they started shooting at the union men trying 
to flee Stonewall and his soldiers contrarily

539
01:02:36,039 --> 01:02:43,679
were greeted with cheers and open arms as they 
attempted to yet again pursue the Northerners

540
01:02:43,679 --> 01:02:49,319
the worn out and stalled Confederates eventually 
fell back enough to let the surviving Union forces

541
01:02:49,320 --> 01:02:56,039
slip by and the aftermath of this Southern Victory 
nearly saw Jackson get pinched between a fresh sh

542
01:02:56,039 --> 01:03:01,719
of Union troops taken from the Richmond campaign 
with the aim of trapping the Confederate Stonewall

543
01:03:01,719 --> 01:03:08,439
Brigade the latter managed to squeeze through 
the Gap however and the union was out of luck

544
01:03:08,440 --> 01:03:17,320
once more General George B mclen despite recent 
setbacks was still focused on taking Richmond

545
01:03:17,320 --> 01:03:24,840
and Confederate General Robert E Lee was just as 
determined to stop him General Joseph E Johnston

546
01:03:24,840 --> 01:03:31,280
was responsible for taking on the inevitable Union 
attack on Richmond prompting Lee and Confederate

547
01:03:31,280 --> 01:03:38,240
President Jefferson Davis to urge the general 
toward making an updated plan Johnston got to work

548
01:03:38,239 --> 01:03:44,559
and he quickly noted something quite convenient 
the Union Fourth Corp under the command of General

549
01:03:44,559 --> 01:03:52,239
arasmus D Keys was on its own mullen's Force had 
been first divided into two but the fourth core

550
01:03:52,239 --> 01:03:58,199
had separated itself from The Others When Keys 
moved them to a vill by the name of seven pines to

551
01:03:58,199 --> 01:04:04,799
the great pleasure of the Confederates there were 
only three main roads leading to this town and one

552
01:04:04,800 --> 01:04:12,080
sketchy Grapevine Bridge Johnston's plan thus fell 
into place and his men would encircle seven pines

553
01:04:12,079 --> 01:04:20,079
via 9M Road Charles City Road and Williamsburg 
Road meanwhile recent rainfall would make the

554
01:04:20,079 --> 01:04:29,119
bridge path more or less impossible to cross the 
battle would then ensue in reality a combination

555
01:04:29,119 --> 01:04:35,079
of bad weather and administrative Kur fuff made 
Johnston's plan look a little more chaotic than

556
01:04:35,079 --> 01:04:41,519
had been anticipated as the Confederates stumbled 
over to seven pines Northern General Silas Casey

557
01:04:41,519 --> 01:04:48,360
caught sight of the approaching Army nevertheless 
when Wy confederate general DH Hill launched his

558
01:04:48,360 --> 01:04:54,079
portion of the attack Casey had failed to prepare 
his own troops for defense and was rapidly pushed

559
01:04:54,079 --> 01:05:00,440
back Hills men ever were on their own as he hadn't 
waited for the rest of the Confederate Wings to

560
01:05:00,440 --> 01:05:06,639
get to their positions and as the union third core 
began to enter the battlefield Hill was starting

561
01:05:06,639 --> 01:05:13,119
to see the consequence of his decision General 
GW Smith answered the call from Hill to Aid his

562
01:05:13,119 --> 01:05:19,400
attack at the same time Union general Edwin 
V suner was taking his second core across the

563
01:05:19,400 --> 01:05:25,639
Great Vine bridge to rescue his own comrades 
somehow the rickety Bridge managed to hold

564
01:05:26,199 --> 01:05:30,960
and allowed the troops to pass through despite 
the Confederate assumption that it wouldn't be

565
01:05:30,960 --> 01:05:37,280
doable this meant that instead of helping Hill 
beat back the fourth core the Confederate backup

566
01:05:37,280 --> 01:05:43,519
was suddenly face to face with the second core 
by the end of the night the battle was growing

567
01:05:43,519 --> 01:05:50,519
and the fourth core was no longer surrounded 
meaning both sides could keep funneling in troops

568
01:05:50,519 --> 01:05:57,519
over on the Confederate side the situation wasn't 
seeming too bad as Johnston began to examine the

569
01:05:57,519 --> 01:06:05,199
lines the problem was that he was shot in the arm 
moments later and then hit in the leg and chest by

570
01:06:05,199 --> 01:06:11,599
fragments from a union artillery shell though he 
was cautioned by one of his men that he rode far

571
01:06:11,599 --> 01:06:17,719
too close to the Flying bullets from the battle he 
Shrugged off the concern with a confident Colonel

572
01:06:17,719 --> 01:06:24,159
there is no use dodging when you hear them they 
have passed from there the Confederate offensive

573
01:06:24,159 --> 01:06:29,839
snowballed although they locked out given the 
Northerners equal exhaustion and unwillingness

574
01:06:29,840 --> 01:06:36,240
to continue The Clash came to an indecisive end 
and General Lee was subsequently sent to take

575
01:06:36,239 --> 01:06:42,679
over the Confederate troops involved in light of 
Johnston's incapacity the war was looking more

576
01:06:42,679 --> 01:06:52,119
and more tiring but it was only mid 1862 and there 
was so much fighting left to do over the following

577
01:06:52,119 --> 01:06:57,400
months the union took nearly full control of 
the Mississippi iipp River with a success at

578
01:06:57,400 --> 01:07:04,960
the Battle of Memphis leaving now only Vicksburg 
in their way this was before Lincoln signed off on

579
01:07:04,960 --> 01:07:10,599
the second confiscation act which expanded on 
the first and supplied more opportunities for

580
01:07:10,599 --> 01:07:16,440
confederate slaves to be freed that was followed 
by the Battle of Cedar Mountain and the Second

581
01:07:16,440 --> 01:07:22,760
Battle of Bull Run which saw a Confederate victory 
that would soon be overshadowed by Northerners

582
01:07:22,760 --> 01:07:28,760
discovering General Lee's plans for the next 
engagement that next Clash would be the Battle

583
01:07:28,760 --> 01:07:37,240
of antium which remains to this day the bloodiest 
24 hours in the history of the entire Civil War

584
01:07:37,239 --> 01:07:43,439
the Confederate attempts to launch a large-scale 
invasion of Union territory had failed around the

585
01:07:43,440 --> 01:07:50,039
same time that the South's hopes of winning over 
Kentucky through the Heartland campaign still the

586
01:07:50,039 --> 01:07:55,679
pressure was increasing from Great Britain as it 
was on the verge of joining the war diplomatically

587
01:07:55,679 --> 01:08:02,359
ly in support of the Confederates willing to do 
almost anything to prevent such a catastrophe for

588
01:08:02,360 --> 01:08:08,320
the north president linkoln finally announced his 
intention to pass the Emancipation Proclamation

589
01:08:08,320 --> 01:08:15,960
by the start of 1863 if the war was not over 
by now though the Native Americans had also

590
01:08:15,960 --> 01:08:21,880
been picking sides choosing whoever they believed 
would win and provide them with additional rights

591
01:08:21,880 --> 01:08:29,880
by the war's end the final month of 18 62 saw the 
brutal Battle of Fredericksburg which allegedly

592
01:08:29,880 --> 01:08:35,880
got so bad for the union that a Confederate 
Sergeant Kirkland couldn't help but run onto

593
01:08:35,880 --> 01:08:42,640
the battlefield and begin treating the Yankee 
wounded prompting a temporary ceasefire in the

594
01:08:42,640 --> 01:08:48,720
end however the union war department had been 
too slow to provide supplies for their men and

595
01:08:48,720 --> 01:08:55,560
the soldiers were unable to keep up the poorly 
organized attack the South had won yet another

596
01:08:55,560 --> 01:09:02,920
battle with Northern morale plummeting Lincoln's 
popularity dropping and Union men deserting

597
01:09:02,920 --> 01:09:09,399
president Davis of the Confederacy finally reacted 
to the proposed Emancipation Proclamation he

598
01:09:09,399 --> 01:09:16,960
declared that it was nothing more than an attempt 
to excite survi war and furthermore added that any

599
01:09:16,960 --> 01:09:24,279
black US soldiers would not be treated by the 
same standards as white prisoners of War Days

600
01:09:24,279 --> 01:09:31,159
Later the Battle of Stones River would finally 
bring about some Union revenge and a much needed

601
01:09:31,159 --> 01:09:38,599
morale boost it also marked the final days of 1862 
over a year and a half of the war had already gone

602
01:09:38,600 --> 01:09:49,000
by but it was far from over January 1st 1863 
marks the Monumental shift of meaning for the

603
01:09:49,000 --> 01:09:57,560
Civil War although not in the way that many today 
are under the impression at did the Emancipation

604
01:09:57,560 --> 01:10:05,080
Proclamation didn't actually free all slaves 
and in fact was only intended to free slaves

605
01:10:05,079 --> 01:10:12,960
in Rebel States though not all of them southern 
secessionist states that were already occupied

606
01:10:12,960 --> 01:10:20,880
by the north were exempt from the proclamation as 
were all border states furthermore those States

607
01:10:20,880 --> 01:10:27,159
who had left the union for the Confederacy and 
were not exempt weren't going to just let go of

608
01:10:27,159 --> 01:10:34,239
the slaves that they've been fighting all this 
time to keep this meant that Northern military

609
01:10:34,239 --> 01:10:43,159
enforcement would be required for the proclamation 
to mean anything nevertheless the act itself meant

610
01:10:43,159 --> 01:10:52,159
something to so many it also officially allowed 
black men to join the Union Army and Navy opening

611
01:10:52,159 --> 01:10:59,119
the doors for hundreds of thousands of freedom 
craving men to join the war effort by the end of

612
01:10:59,119 --> 01:11:08,159
it all roughly 200,000 black soldiers had risked 
their lives to protect their fellow countrymen

613
01:11:08,159 --> 01:11:14,639
at the same time the north enacted a draft for 
its citizens the Confederacy had done the same

614
01:11:14,640 --> 01:11:23,240
a year prior but for the union this was a sign 
of the times the war wasn't going as smoothly as

615
01:11:23,239 --> 01:11:30,840
President Lincoln had hoped thus as conscription 
went into effect in the north both sides prepared

616
01:11:30,840 --> 01:11:40,319
for battle once more the union had two goals at 
the moment take down General Lee and Richmond

617
01:11:40,319 --> 01:11:48,399
and capture Vicksburg thus fully controlling the 
Mississippi River the latter objective was highly

618
01:11:48,399 --> 01:11:55,239
concerning for the South which had thus far been 
struggling to maintain their Tennessee Border as

619
01:11:55,239 --> 01:12:01,399
as the Mississippi Tennessee and Cumberland 
Rivers made it hard to keep the Northerners

620
01:12:01,399 --> 01:12:08,639
out furthermore General Grant had already seized 
control of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers

621
01:12:08,640 --> 01:12:16,119
with a capture of Fort Henry and Fort donalson 
Union Admiral David faragate had also taken New

622
01:12:16,119 --> 01:12:22,319
Orleans cutting the Confederates off from the Gulf 
of Mexico while the capture of Memphis had nearly

623
01:12:22,319 --> 01:12:29,920
wrestled the Mississippi away from the south 
already still without Vicksburg this couldn't

624
01:12:29,920 --> 01:12:41,239
be done Grant was now determined to take the city 
and the river with it in the summer of 1862 he had

625
01:12:41,239 --> 01:12:47,920
made his first attempt alongside General William T 
Sherman but the early attempt ended in a decisive

626
01:12:47,920 --> 01:12:55,520
defeat and withdraw at the Battle of the chikasaw 
Bayou although the Northerners were ready to Try

627
01:12:55,520 --> 01:13:04,000
Again by The Following spring up until this point 
Grant and his men had struggled to even gain

628
01:13:04,000 --> 01:13:12,600
access to Vicksburg due to the surrounding swamps 
bayu and otherwise seemingly impregnable terrain

629
01:13:12,600 --> 01:13:21,600
feeling Innovative and quite a bit stubborn Grant 
put his men to work to change this for weeks they

630
01:13:21,600 --> 01:13:28,640
drained bayus built Bridges and formed roads 
that could actually be utilized to reach the

631
01:13:28,640 --> 01:13:36,960
city trekking along their newly constructed path 
through Louisiana and across the river Grant and

632
01:13:36,960 --> 01:13:46,000
his army marched into battle having been called on 
by the general to assist rear Admiral David Dixon

633
01:13:46,000 --> 01:13:52,840
Porter led a naval Force along the river to back 
the land troops despite being under heavy fire

634
01:13:52,840 --> 01:14:00,079
from Confederate defenses Porter and his men ran 
the gauntlet like Champs losing only a single ship

635
01:14:00,079 --> 01:14:10,559
in the process and providing necessary support to 
Grant by April 29th 1863 everyone was in position

636
01:14:10,560 --> 01:14:19,720
and ready to launch the attack Grant's plan was 
as follows Sherman would be sent to feain an

637
01:14:19,720 --> 01:14:27,360
attack at Snyder's Bluff Colonel Benjamin Garrison 
would leave need a raid further Inland to bring

638
01:14:27,359 --> 01:14:34,799
Confederate forces away from Vicksburg Porter 
would continue to provide reinforcement to the

639
01:14:34,800 --> 01:14:43,000
lands troops and Major General John A mcland and 
his 13th Army Corps would aim for another landing

640
01:14:43,000 --> 01:14:50,479
on the East Bank of grand Gulf this bank was 
heavily fortified with confederate Defenders at

641
01:14:50,479 --> 01:14:58,759
the ready but Grant was confident in his strategy 
starting off the Fay was Porter and his gunboats

642
01:14:58,760 --> 01:15:06,760
which opened fire around 8:00 a.m. targeting Fort 
Wade followed by Fort cin and their defenses the

643
01:15:06,760 --> 01:15:12,480
southerners responded with their own artillery 
fire rather immediately triggering a battle

644
01:15:12,479 --> 01:15:20,159
that would last for hours into the afternoon the 
union Navy eventually overpowered Fort Wade but

645
01:15:20,159 --> 01:15:27,720
then began to struggle with the less susceptible 
Fort cin even with the initial success against

646
01:15:27,720 --> 01:15:34,000
the first Fort subsequently Porter and Grant 
eventually decided to pull back as they saw

647
01:15:34,000 --> 01:15:41,520
the second line of defense as impenetrable the 
battle of the grand Gulf had ended and Grant had

648
01:15:41,520 --> 01:15:50,280
once more hit a brick wall Vicksburg was feeling 
more and more Untouchable but the general refused

649
01:15:50,279 --> 01:15:58,679
to quit while Grant had his sights locked on 
Berg Union general Joseph Hooker was tasked

650
01:15:58,680 --> 01:16:08,200
with something about the thorn in the north 
side that thorn was General Lee Hooker also had

651
01:16:08,199 --> 01:16:14,519
Ambitions of seizing the Confederate capital 
city but that couldn't be done without first

652
01:16:14,520 --> 01:16:23,640
getting the Slick Virginian out of his way thus 
hooker and his army of 115,000 prepared for an

653
01:16:23,640 --> 01:16:32,119
attack on Lee's DWI kindled force of only 60,000 
the union Commander split his troops into three

654
01:16:32,119 --> 01:16:38,479
sending two thirds over to Frederickburg to feain 
an assault there while hooker took the rest of his

655
01:16:38,479 --> 01:16:47,399
men to the real Target Lee knowing what was coming 
decided to take a strategic gamble considering his

656
01:16:47,399 --> 01:16:55,559
numerical inferiority he first divided out 10,000 
of his 60,000 men which would be Comm commanded by

657
01:16:55,560 --> 01:17:03,680
General jubil early these troops would remain in 
Fredericksburg to defend the city meanwhile Lee

658
01:17:03,680 --> 01:17:11,560
would take the left over 50,000 soldiers to face 
off with hooker's Army of the bomac in a forest

659
01:17:11,560 --> 01:17:20,520
just west of Chancellorsville battle erupted for 
some reason despite the clear advantage in numbers

660
01:17:20,520 --> 01:17:27,640
and his prior enthusiasm hooker suddenly ordered 
his men to fall back in defensive positions giving

661
01:17:27,640 --> 01:17:35,039
Lee a new Edge in yet another bold move the 
confederate general then split his troops yet

662
01:17:35,039 --> 01:17:41,519
again this time sending his trusty colleague 
Stonewall Jackson with one portion around the

663
01:17:41,520 --> 01:17:48,600
Union's Left Flank Stonewall marched his men 
straight into battle with the Union 11 Corp

664
01:17:48,600 --> 01:17:54,960
Lee on the other hand would soon catch wind of 
an approaching Union force to the east prompting

665
01:17:54,960 --> 01:18:03,159
him to again divide his men so he could Face Off 
With His attackers near Salem Church the battle

666
01:18:03,159 --> 01:18:10,960
overall would result in an unexpected and rather 
spectacular Confederate Victory but there would

667
01:18:10,960 --> 01:18:19,319
be one Casualty that the South would soon suffer 
heavily from in particular the death of stone wall

668
01:18:19,319 --> 01:18:26,920
Jackson while returning to camp in the dark of 
night alongside some of his men the 18th North

669
01:18:26,920 --> 01:18:32,760
Carolina Infantry Regiment opened fire without 
waiting for the group to identify themselves as

670
01:18:32,760 --> 01:18:40,520
they believed them to be Union Soldiers Stonewall 
was shot three times in the process twice in the

671
01:18:40,520 --> 01:18:49,280
left arm and once in the right hand over the next 
few days he would have his left arm amputated

672
01:18:49,279 --> 01:18:55,880
and shortly died of pneumonia complications 
the response from General Lee would indicate

673
01:18:55,880 --> 01:19:03,440
what a symbolic blow this was for the South 
I have lost my right arm I'm bleeding at the

674
01:19:03,439 --> 01:19:12,960
heart after the rebel Victory though at a steep 
cost the Confederates looked for another win

675
01:19:12,960 --> 01:19:19,880
diplomatically responding to the Emancipation 
Proclamation Jefferson Davis solidified his

676
01:19:19,880 --> 01:19:25,520
earlier statements and more through the 
retaliatory act which went so so far as

677
01:19:25,520 --> 01:19:33,960
enabling the execution of Northern black soldiers 
and their white officers this Hefty political move

678
01:19:33,960 --> 01:19:40,239
was followed by another series of armed clashes 
of course the Battle of Raymond would see a union

679
01:19:40,239 --> 01:19:47,880
Triumph in Mississippi but the Battle of Jackson 
was a bit more indecisive meanwhile Grant had

680
01:19:47,880 --> 01:19:54,640
been busy finally chipping away at the path 
to his ultimate Target the roads to Vicksburg

681
01:19:55,319 --> 01:20:02,199
is open grants told William T Sherman in a 
request for reinforcements the Confederate

682
01:20:02,199 --> 01:20:07,800
higher ups were currently caught in disputes 
over their next move opening up the door for

683
01:20:07,800 --> 01:20:16,199
the union to take full advantage this would result 
in the highly significant Battle of champion Hill

684
01:20:16,199 --> 01:20:24,359
and the hill of death as deemed by Alvin P hovi 
after the fact the result was a Monumental Union

685
01:20:24,359 --> 01:20:31,039
victory Tory and a huge step forward for Grant 
and his Vicksburg campaign another Triumph for

686
01:20:31,039 --> 01:20:36,720
the campaign at the Battle of The Big Black River 
Bridge would follow putting increasing pressure

687
01:20:36,720 --> 01:20:45,280
on Vicksburg as the Yankees were Now set up to 
besiege the city 15 miles of trenches were in the

688
01:20:45,279 --> 01:20:55,079
works as the siege of vickburg began Grant was 
confident that this time the city would be his

689
01:20:55,079 --> 01:21:02,600
The Siege began on May 18th trapping the 29,000 
strong Confederate Force Under General John C

690
01:21:02,600 --> 01:21:10,200
pton and the civilians of Vicksburg in the city 
with no supplies and under constant brain rattling

691
01:21:10,199 --> 01:21:18,599
bombardment pton and all those remaining in the 
city after 47 days surrendered on the 4th of July

692
01:21:18,600 --> 01:21:30,600
1863 Grant's dreams had come true he had taken 
Vicksburg and thus the Mississippi but a lot had

693
01:21:30,600 --> 01:21:38,200
happened elsewhere in his absence the Battle 
of Brandy Station in Virginia played out in

694
01:21:38,199 --> 01:21:45,920
early June and would set the record as the largest 
Cavalry clash in the entire War the tussle ended

695
01:21:45,920 --> 01:21:51,600
with the Union troops being styed and another 
battle only days later the Battle of second

696
01:21:51,600 --> 01:21:58,920
Winchester cleared the Yankees from the shenon DOA 
Valley it seems that Grant's luck was better than

697
01:21:58,920 --> 01:22:07,399
his comrades although the Union as a whole found a 
victory on June 20th when West Virginia officially

698
01:22:07,399 --> 01:22:14,599
joined it as a new state this gave the Northerners 
something to celebrate but just days later and

699
01:22:14,600 --> 01:22:21,440
hours before Grant would seize Vicksburg one of 
the most tragic events of the war and America's

700
01:22:21,439 --> 01:22:31,159
history was to take place the Battle of Gettysburg 
General Robert E Lee was the man responsible

701
01:22:31,159 --> 01:22:37,559
hoping to move the conflict out of War exhausted 
Virginia Lee looked to take the fighting straight

702
01:22:37,560 --> 01:22:47,039
to the north starting in Pennsylvania with a 
75,000 strong Army Lee marched into the union

703
01:22:47,039 --> 01:22:56,279
state tailed by Union General George Gordon me and 
his 95,000 men the opposing forces march on until

704
01:22:56,279 --> 01:23:03,159
they reach the town of Gettysburg where Lee stops 
and begins preparation for the brutal attack that

705
01:23:03,159 --> 01:23:11,319
is to come meanwhile Confederate Major General 
Henry Heth was on his way to wle when his Force

706
01:23:11,319 --> 01:23:18,840
stumbles upon that of Union Brigadier General 
John Buford the latter fires on the former and

707
01:23:18,840 --> 01:23:27,119
the battle unexpectedly Begins the Confederates 
respond well to Union fire and start pushing the

708
01:23:27,119 --> 01:23:34,559
Northerners back along Chambersburg Pike though 
stalled the southerners are not being stopped

709
01:23:34,560 --> 01:23:41,800
Major General John F Reynolds Union 1 and 11 
cores soon arrive to support Buford but it still

710
01:23:41,800 --> 01:23:48,720
wouldn't be enough Reynolds is fatally shot in 
the neck just as the battle is picking up and more

711
01:23:48,720 --> 01:23:55,760
Confederate reinforcements are joining the fight 
General Robert rhs and general juble early clash

712
01:23:55,760 --> 01:24:03,280
with the Union troops nearby and together the 
rebels begin to box the Yankees in at Gettysburg

713
01:24:03,279 --> 01:24:11,599
as the union line collapses many soldiers are able 
to flee along a nearby railroad but others are now

714
01:24:11,600 --> 01:24:19,720
stuck in the town the remaining Defenders decide 
to regroup on Cemetery Hill to the South holding

715
01:24:19,720 --> 01:24:27,440
out in a fish hook formation the union men are 
still surrounded by Southerners though the battle

716
01:24:27,439 --> 01:24:35,919
is not yet lost Union general Dan sickles acts 
next taking his three cores up to emmittsburg

717
01:24:35,920 --> 01:24:42,560
Road and the peach orchard where they run into 
Confederate forces under the command of General

718
01:24:42,560 --> 01:24:50,440
James Long Street sickle's plan backfires abruptly 
requiring General Mees to send the entirety of his

719
01:24:50,439 --> 01:24:58,000
five core troops to support him with long street 
now focusing his attack on the union left General

720
01:24:58,000 --> 01:25:05,359
Lee sends Hill to take the center and general 
Richard uul to go for the right long Street's

721
01:25:05,359 --> 01:25:12,279
men hit sickles around Devil's Den and little 
rounds top but to shockingly no avail as the

722
01:25:12,279 --> 01:25:19,599
union scrambles to bring in more reinforcements 
over at the peach orchard to the contrary sickle's

723
01:25:19,600 --> 01:25:28,079
men Faire quite worse casualties are already 
t in up in unimaginable numbers as day two of

724
01:25:28,079 --> 01:25:35,439
the battle rages on the Yankees quickly fill the 
Gap left behind by the reinforcements sent to Aid

725
01:25:35,439 --> 01:25:42,679
sickle and managed to knock the rebels back at the 
center to the right generals uul and early aim to

726
01:25:42,680 --> 01:25:50,440
Route the Northerners on and around Cemetery Hill 
as Darkness rolls in the union holds off at first

727
01:25:50,439 --> 01:25:56,839
but the Confederates soon overwhelm The Defenders 
nor than reinforcements would shortly renew the

728
01:25:56,840 --> 01:26:03,520
fighting on the hill however but meanwhile 
another confederate general Edward Johnson

729
01:26:03,520 --> 01:26:10,120
launches an attack on the union extreme right 
at kulps Hill with many of these troops having

730
01:26:10,119 --> 01:26:17,880
been sent to assist elsewhere Union General George 
Green is left with only 1,300 men to fight off the

731
01:26:17,880 --> 01:26:28,199
4,500 Confederates numerical superiority AIDS the 
southern but Green's men hang in there as day two

732
01:26:28,199 --> 01:26:37,000
winds to a close Gettysburg has already become the 
bloodiest battle of the Civil War day three will

733
01:26:37,000 --> 01:26:46,359
be no better for most as morning comes General Lee 
sends reinforcements to his men at culps Hill but

734
01:26:46,359 --> 01:26:54,359
so does General me the tables have now turned 
and it's the rebels who lack proper numbers

735
01:26:54,359 --> 01:27:03,319
nevertheless the Confederates engage and a 7-hour 
fay commences at first the Confederates seemed to

736
01:27:03,319 --> 01:27:11,079
be better off but by noon the tide has turned 
in the Union's favor Lee instead of calling

737
01:27:11,079 --> 01:27:18,760
more troops to the aid of the right orders a 
fullscale attack on the union left something me

738
01:27:18,760 --> 01:27:27,600
had stunningly predicted making him the first to 
actually outsmart Robert E Lee the center assault

739
01:27:27,600 --> 01:27:34,960
would turn into the largest artillery barrage to 
ever occur in the Western Hemisphere a spectacular

740
01:27:34,960 --> 01:27:42,319
show but to no success for the Confederates as the 
southerners are forced to March through a mile of

741
01:27:42,319 --> 01:27:50,479
open unprotected ground leading across emmittsburg 
Road the Northerners open heavy fire ripping apart

742
01:27:50,479 --> 01:27:57,439
the rebel attack as Lee pushes for the assault 
to continue the Confederates attempt a last ditch

743
01:27:57,439 --> 01:28:05,719
effort to collapse the union rear with an attack 
led by General Jeb Stewart but this fails too the

744
01:28:05,720 --> 01:28:14,560
entire Southern offensive is collapsing on every 
side and it soon becomes clear that the Yankees

745
01:28:14,560 --> 01:28:21,960
have won the Battle of Gettysburg eventually 
accepting that fact Lee withdraws toward the

746
01:28:21,960 --> 01:28:31,000
pomac and back into Virginia it is said that Lee 
told his men as early as in their Retreat that the

747
01:28:31,000 --> 01:28:37,920
entire situation was his fault and he believed 
this so deeply that he offered his resignation

748
01:28:37,920 --> 01:28:46,319
to President Jefferson Davis after the fact and 
his guilt was not without reason his attempts to

749
01:28:46,319 --> 01:28:53,000
take the war to the North had caused casualties so 
high that the wounded alone outnumbered citizens

750
01:28:53,000 --> 01:29:02,560
of the town 12 to1 more than 50,000 men had been 
killed wounded or missing by the end of the 3

751
01:29:02,560 --> 01:29:09,520
days homes and churches had to be transformed 
into hospitals for the wounded and bullet holes

752
01:29:09,520 --> 01:29:16,000
riddle the town part of the battlefield would 
shortly be turned into a national cemetery for

753
01:29:16,000 --> 01:29:25,680
fallen Union Soldiers slain Confederates were not 
so lucky after the catastrophe that was Gettysburg

754
01:29:25,680 --> 01:29:33,360
the Union victory was in many ways overshadowed 
by the tragedy itself and the still ongoing War

755
01:29:33,359 --> 01:29:39,639
not only that but the excitement for many of the 
54th Massachusetts colored infantry becoming the

756
01:29:39,640 --> 01:29:46,560
first African-American volunteer regiment to see 
combat in the war was marred by the draft riots

757
01:29:46,560 --> 01:29:53,039
that followed angry New Yorkers who felt that 
the conscription system favored the rich began

758
01:29:53,039 --> 01:30:01,600
to attack the Dr craft office and black churches 
and the anger swiftly spread the South was fairing

759
01:30:01,600 --> 01:30:07,760
little better however as the war was radically 
draining its economy and raising the question

760
01:30:07,760 --> 01:30:15,159
of how much longer they could even continue to 
fight skirmishes and smallscale clashes carried

761
01:30:15,159 --> 01:30:23,760
on through July at the end of the month President 
Lincoln issued general order 252 declaring that

762
01:30:23,760 --> 01:30:31,440
for for every black us prisoner of war executed by 
the south one Confederate prisoner of war would be

763
01:30:31,439 --> 01:30:41,079
killed in return tensions were on the rise and 
the rebels didn't react well Laurence Kansas

764
01:30:41,079 --> 01:30:50,000
was set to face the South's wrath as the day 
began on August 21st 1863 Rebel gorillas led by

765
01:30:50,000 --> 01:30:57,439
William Clark quantril led a raid on the town that 
resulted in a massacre much of Lawrence was burnt

766
01:30:57,439 --> 01:31:07,319
to the ground and at least 160 men and boys were 
murdered this wasn't even War it was a mass scale

767
01:31:07,319 --> 01:31:15,519
homicide and it represented the extreme anger and 
Desperation felt by many from the south as the war

768
01:31:15,520 --> 01:31:24,040
carried on and the Confederacy struggles to keep 
up as such the union soon captured Chattanooga

769
01:31:24,039 --> 01:31:31,439
GA Tennessee elsewhere at the Battle of chaga the 
Confederates found some hope with a victory and

770
01:31:31,439 --> 01:31:39,559
general braxon Bragg followed It Up by launching 
a Siege on Union occupied Chattanooga Lee and me

771
01:31:39,560 --> 01:31:45,840
meanwhile clashed in Virginia at the Bristo 
station campaign Abraham Lincoln gave the

772
01:31:45,840 --> 01:31:52,520
Gettysburg address at the dedication of the 
soldiers National Cemetery and Lee was aiming

773
01:31:52,520 --> 01:31:59,280
to hold out the Confederate War efforts just 
long enough to manipulate low Northern morale

774
01:31:59,279 --> 01:32:07,319
into electing a southern sympathizer in Lincoln's 
upcoming reelection sadly for the rebels however

775
01:32:07,319 --> 01:32:14,279
the siege of Chattanooga eventually failed and 
Bragg was forced into Georgia while another

776
01:32:14,279 --> 01:32:23,960
Confederate Siege on Knoxville also fell short the 
South had started the war strong but it seems that

777
01:32:23,960 --> 01:32:32,520
all the North's technical advantages were finally 
paying off both sides wanted the war to end but

778
01:32:32,520 --> 01:32:41,360
neither was ready to give in Lee's ultimate plan 
could still work but Lincoln had another offer to

779
01:32:41,359 --> 01:32:51,759
make any Confederate willing swear an oath to the 
United States and your Rebel acts will be forgiven

780
01:32:51,760 --> 01:32:59,520
by now the union was ready to try and truly [ __ ] 
the Confederacy by launching a campaign aimed at

781
01:32:59,520 --> 01:33:07,000
digging even deeper into important Southern 
territories this would be the largest army

782
01:33:07,000 --> 01:33:14,840
navy combined campaign to be launched at any point 
throughout the war the main target was the capital

783
01:33:14,840 --> 01:33:22,159
of Louisiana shreport which if captured could 
potentially give the Northerners an opportunity

784
01:33:22,159 --> 01:33:31,479
to next dig into Texas the whole thing however 
was problematic from the very start for one on

785
01:33:31,479 --> 01:33:38,199
the Navy side rear Admiral David Dixon Porter had 
agreed to join the campaign under the assumption

786
01:33:38,199 --> 01:33:45,199
that Major General William T Sherman would be the 
land commander and Sherman himself had intended to

787
01:33:45,199 --> 01:33:52,239
do so but with General ulyses Grant preoccupied 
with other Northern objectives and insisting

788
01:33:52,239 --> 01:33:58,920
that Sherman stay and assist him Major General 
Nathaniel P Banks would instead be the one to

789
01:33:58,920 --> 01:34:07,319
take the Reigns something Porter nor Sherman were 
pleased to hear in fact Sherman even went as far

790
01:34:07,319 --> 01:34:14,840
to send a contingent of his own men 10,000 of 
his very best torter specifically stating that

791
01:34:14,840 --> 01:34:22,319
this favor was in case Banks abandoned the naval 
forces if his own land troops got into trouble and

792
01:34:22,319 --> 01:34:30,039
the problem with General Banks was that he wasn't 
even much of a military man technically he wasn't

793
01:34:30,039 --> 01:34:38,720
one at all he was a politician more than anything 
which is exactly why he needed this campaign for

794
01:34:38,720 --> 01:34:46,400
the military experience and hopefully success 
that it would bring him the problem then with

795
01:34:46,399 --> 01:34:53,879
Banks's plan was the fact that he intended to 
use three entirely separate forces Porter's 19

796
01:34:53,880 --> 01:35:01,840
boat strong Fleet Banks own 20,000 men from the 
New Orleans area and Major General Frederick steel

797
01:35:01,840 --> 01:35:07,960
with another 10,000 coming from Little Rock since 
none of these groups could communicate with each

798
01:35:07,960 --> 01:35:16,159
other easily throughout the campaign the entire 
plan begs to become an unorganized disaster or

799
01:35:16,159 --> 01:35:25,399
as one Union general said one damn blunder from 
beginning to end the red River campaign ended in

800
01:35:25,399 --> 01:35:32,399
a Yankee Retreat and a much- needed break for the 
Rebels the Confederates also managed to seize Fort

801
01:35:32,399 --> 01:35:40,119
Pillow in Tennessee around the same time murdering 
300 surrendered Union soldiers in the process

802
01:35:40,119 --> 01:35:47,199
many of whom were black General Grant shortly 
after demanded that all prisoner exchange talks

803
01:35:47,199 --> 01:35:55,239
be halted until the South agreed to treat black 
prisoners of war the same as white Grant was also

804
01:35:55,239 --> 01:36:02,319
busy preparing for what would be one of the most 
horrendous engagements of his entire career the

805
01:36:02,319 --> 01:36:13,639
battle of the Wilderness Lee's army will be your 
objective where he goes there you will go also

806
01:36:13,640 --> 01:36:22,520
and thus the Northerners would this Lee chasing 
Army consisted of the army of the pomac jointly

807
01:36:22,520 --> 01:36:30,040
commanded by Major generals Governor K Warren 
Winfield s Hancock and John Sedrick alongside

808
01:36:30,039 --> 01:36:38,560
Ambrose Burnside and his independent ninth Corp on 
the Confederate side was General Lee the chased at

809
01:36:38,560 --> 01:36:46,400
the helm working with him however was a bit of a 
rag tag group of commanders as the South was still

810
01:36:46,399 --> 01:36:53,519
reeling and struggling to recover from the loss 
of Stonewall Jackson Lee's right hand nevertheless

811
01:36:54,159 --> 01:37:01,559
AP Hill and Richard s uul though not as skilled 
as Stonewall were ready to fill the gaps and

812
01:37:01,560 --> 01:37:08,600
Lee's close friend at James Long Street was 
prepared to tag along in the early days of

813
01:37:08,600 --> 01:37:15,079
May General Grant had opted to take his men out 
of the Wilderness of Spotsylvania and into open

814
01:37:15,079 --> 01:37:21,960
ground in their preparations for a face off with 
the Confederates Lee on the other hand had ordered

815
01:37:21,960 --> 01:37:27,920
his men to try and trap tra the union troops in 
a battle within the Wilderness as the difficult

816
01:37:27,920 --> 01:37:35,119
terrain would give the southerners the upper hand 
these simultaneous strategies eventually led to

817
01:37:35,119 --> 01:37:41,720
the Northerners catching wind of the approaching 
Rebels General Warren reacted by sending out a

818
01:37:41,720 --> 01:37:47,640
division to investigate the situation while the 
rest of the Union forces attempted to avoid a

819
01:37:47,640 --> 01:37:55,079
possible Clash before escaping the wooded terrain 
the situation however would not end in the Yankees

820
01:37:55,079 --> 01:38:02,559
favor the very moment we appeared they gave us 
a volley at long range but evidently with very

821
01:38:02,560 --> 01:38:09,280
deliberate aim and with serious effect a union 
officer would later Testify the Confederate

822
01:38:09,279 --> 01:38:16,359
force that Warren had aimed to Simply investigate 
was actually the entire core under General Ule

823
01:38:16,359 --> 01:38:24,599
and upon being watched they reacted with rapid 
hostility the battle began at saund field and

824
01:38:24,600 --> 01:38:31,720
evolved into what one described as bushwacking 
on a grand scale as the thick foresting made for

825
01:38:31,720 --> 01:38:38,480
a confusing Battlefield over with General Hill 
another battle had broken out Along The Plank

826
01:38:38,479 --> 01:38:44,159
Road as the Confederates there ran into General 
sedwick's division in their attempts to cut the

827
01:38:44,159 --> 01:38:51,880
Northerners off from the highly important Brock 
Road for the first portion of each engagement the

828
01:38:51,880 --> 01:38:58,880
favor seems to shift back back and forward with 
no clear winner but the outnumbered Southerners

829
01:38:58,880 --> 01:39:05,880
were surely disadvantaged under Hill General Long 
Street was intended to come and assist Hill and

830
01:39:05,880 --> 01:39:12,440
his attack as nightfell which caused the ladder 
to hold off from re-engaging at dawn As Long

831
01:39:12,439 --> 01:39:20,559
Street was yet to arrive this meant that the union 
attacks that morning proved disastrous for Hill

832
01:39:20,560 --> 01:39:28,240
that is until long Street's heroic AR Ral hours 
behind schedule the battle around Plank and Brock

833
01:39:28,239 --> 01:39:33,960
roads would thus carry on for a while longer 
with what seemed to be a growing Confederate

834
01:39:33,960 --> 01:39:42,720
favor for some time but would eventually end 
in eventual though partial Union victory the

835
01:39:42,720 --> 01:39:48,880
southerners would complete the Endeavor with the 
upper hand however after General John B Gordon

836
01:39:48,880 --> 01:39:56,279
routed Yankee troops along the turnpike on May 
6th even taking two Union Generals as prisoners

837
01:39:56,279 --> 01:40:03,199
in the process the consequence for the north 
was damning the battle had cost them double the

838
01:40:03,199 --> 01:40:10,720
number of casualties as it had the South and the 
situation became so dire that General Grant wildly

839
01:40:10,720 --> 01:40:19,000
uncharacteristically broke down in tears in his 
tent at word of the situation yet Grant nor the

840
01:40:19,000 --> 01:40:26,720
north was ready to give up instead of following 
the Battle with a full retreat they marched on

841
01:40:26,720 --> 01:40:36,199
Deeper South to Richmond throughout May the union 
was now daringly carrying out two simultaneous

842
01:40:36,199 --> 01:40:44,800
campaigns grants Overland and Sherman's Atlanta 
the Overland campaign had begun with the battle

843
01:40:44,800 --> 01:40:51,199
of the Wilderness and the depressing draw at 
best couples with the Raging Fire the battle

844
01:40:51,199 --> 01:40:58,479
had caused it all seemed like a bad Omen for 
the newly launched campaign but as Grant told

845
01:40:58,479 --> 01:41:07,839
a reporter there is no turning back the campaign 
was far from over in fact the next Clash occurred

846
01:41:07,840 --> 01:41:14,480
only hours later at the Spotsylvania Courthouse 
where Lee managed to stall his adversary yet

847
01:41:14,479 --> 01:41:23,439
again for 2 weeks straight until Grant finally 
disengaged after losing roughly another 18,000

848
01:41:23,439 --> 01:41:30,199
men the union general pushed on for Richmond 
off and on clashes would follow as Grant and

849
01:41:30,199 --> 01:41:36,000
his men trudged towards the Confederate capital 
and the Battle of Cold Harbor would see the

850
01:41:36,000 --> 01:41:45,279
union take another unwanted hit after 6 weeks the 
campaign came to a close but not before racking up

851
01:41:45,279 --> 01:41:53,559
around 55,000 Northern casualties and seeing the 
third and fourth bloodiest battles of the entire

852
01:41:53,560 --> 01:42:01,960
War still Grant was aiming for a war of attrition 
now and to this extent with the battle of the

853
01:42:01,960 --> 01:42:11,119
South having totaled around 33,000 casualties the 
union had actually claimed a strategic victory

854
01:42:11,119 --> 01:42:16,399
over with General Sherman he and his men had 
been ordered to take the key Confederate city

855
01:42:16,399 --> 01:42:23,439
of Atlanta and thus beginning in Tennessee 
they started their March as the campaign

856
01:42:23,439 --> 01:42:32,599
carried on a few things were happening elsewhere 
in the Union on June 8th 1864 for example Abraham

857
01:42:32,600 --> 01:42:38,880
Lincoln officially received the nomination 
for reelection unfortunately for Grant news

858
01:42:38,880 --> 01:42:46,680
for him was less positive as many in DC were now 
calling him the butcher due to his strategy of

859
01:42:46,680 --> 01:42:54,680
sacrificing tens of thousands of men now in hopes 
of saving more later by ending the war or sooner

860
01:42:54,680 --> 01:43:01,800
furthermore other battles were ongoing such as the 
Battle of Bryce's Crossroads where General Samuel

861
01:43:01,800 --> 01:43:07,840
Sturgis was crushed by the highly outnumbered 
Confederate Force Under General Nathan Bedford

862
01:43:07,840 --> 01:43:16,079
Forest Sherman however was Ill concerned about 
his comrades labors as his campaign would prove

863
01:43:16,079 --> 01:43:23,239
triumphant after a string of combat along 
the way the Confederates under General John

864
01:43:23,239 --> 01:43:29,439
Hood would eventually Retreat from the city of 
Atlanta entirely surrendering it to the incoming

865
01:43:29,439 --> 01:43:35,839
Yankees the latter would hold the city until 
November at which point Sherman had ordered for

866
01:43:35,840 --> 01:43:42,760
all military resources in the city to be burned 
to the ground which would unintentionally result

867
01:43:42,760 --> 01:43:50,520
in an out ofcontrol fire that leveled the city as 
the heat of the summer beat down on both battle

868
01:43:50,520 --> 01:43:57,520
worn and battle ready men of North and South 
the Confederates too were attempting to make

869
01:43:57,520 --> 01:44:04,760
significant moves confederate general jubil early 
was hoping to take pressure off of Petersburg and

870
01:44:04,760 --> 01:44:10,600
Richmond which had been under siege by the 
union since the end of the Overland campaign

871
01:44:10,600 --> 01:44:17,600
thus he clashed with Northerners at the Battle of 
Monocacy in Maryland where he would ultimately win

872
01:44:17,600 --> 01:44:23,120
but many from the north still claimed it to be 
a tactical Victory and stopping the Confederates

873
01:44:23,119 --> 01:44:29,960
from reaching DC early would eventually reach the 
defenses of Washington nonetheless but he would

874
01:44:29,960 --> 01:44:36,960
withdraw from the attack the same day as the war 
thus raged on through the summer it wasn't just

875
01:44:36,960 --> 01:44:43,760
the land forces who saw battle one contest in 
particular saw a joint effort at the start of

876
01:44:43,760 --> 01:44:52,039
August when the north aimed its sights at Mel 
Alabama the Battle of Mel Bay technically just

877
01:44:52,039 --> 01:44:58,479
outside of moel B Alabama was a joint land 
and Naval effort by the north to capture the

878
01:44:58,479 --> 01:45:04,359
Confederate Port that had become increasingly 
crucial for the south after the fall of New

879
01:45:04,359 --> 01:45:12,960
Orleans Union Admiral David faragut sped his Fleet 
through the bay behind four ironclads to take on

880
01:45:12,960 --> 01:45:19,840
the small Confederate flotilla and two formidable 
forts standing in the way the battle was well

881
01:45:19,840 --> 01:45:27,039
fought by the Confederates But ultimately ended 
in a I Victory though the city of Mel itself would

882
01:45:27,039 --> 01:45:36,359
remain in Confederate hands nevertheless the port 
now belonged to the north violence was still at a

883
01:45:36,359 --> 01:45:43,639
high around Petersburg as well Jew to the ongoing 
Siege and the following month a battle broke out

884
01:45:43,640 --> 01:45:52,000
at Winchester again for the third time following 
his attempted attack on Washington General jubil

885
01:45:52,000 --> 01:45:57,600
early had remained in the shenendoa valley 
which the South had been using for some time

886
01:45:57,600 --> 01:46:04,680
now to launch their incursions against the north 
this eventually led to the union deciding it was

887
01:46:04,680 --> 01:46:13,400
time to free the shin andoa of their adversaries 
sending General Philip Sheridan to do the deed the

888
01:46:13,399 --> 01:46:19,639
battle officially broke out at Winchester when 
General Sheridan and his army of the shenendoa

889
01:46:19,640 --> 01:46:25,960
were attempting to pass through the narrow canyon 
near Barry rille Pike the Confederates in the form

890
01:46:25,960 --> 01:46:33,079
of General Steven D ramer's division open fire 
essentially trapping the soldiers and wagon trains

891
01:46:33,079 --> 01:46:40,359
within the canyon the goal wasn't necessarily 
to defeat the drastically larger Union force

892
01:46:40,359 --> 01:46:46,639
but rather to stall its Advance giving General 
early enough time to race the remainder of his

893
01:46:46,640 --> 01:46:54,320
forces to join the defense after having heard 
of Sheridan's upcoming attack by the time the

894
01:46:54,319 --> 01:47:00,159
Northerners finally gathered themselves enough 
to launch their own assault Major General Robert

895
01:47:00,159 --> 01:47:10,399
E rhs and John B Gordon had arrived to Aid Ramer 
and the fight was on the Yankees slowly but surely

896
01:47:10,399 --> 01:47:17,239
beat down the Confederates under Ramer while his 
comrades fought their own battles all around him

897
01:47:17,239 --> 01:47:23,000
General Gordon and his men were locked in one of 
those clashes although they seemed to be fairing

898
01:47:23,000 --> 01:47:29,439
in a bit better for the time being the grass and 
Earth was cut and torn up by a perfect sheet of

899
01:47:29,439 --> 01:47:37,000
lead bullets sought the hiding places of the men 
with fatal accuracy blood was on everything was

900
01:47:37,000 --> 01:47:44,000
everywhere was spattered on bushes was gathered in 
ghastly puddles on the ground was the description

901
01:47:44,000 --> 01:47:51,279
given by one of the Union Soldiers present General 
rhs was also launching a strong Counterattack

902
01:47:51,279 --> 01:47:58,920
nearby as both Ramer and Gordon were gaining 
ground even if it was ground they had previously

903
01:47:58,920 --> 01:48:05,640
lost as the battles raged on the Northerners 
began to worry that the whole exertion could end

904
01:48:05,640 --> 01:48:14,520
up going in the rebels favor thus General Sheridan 
decided to call in backup from an old friend I've

905
01:48:14,520 --> 01:48:23,160
got crook here with 10,000 men and I am going to 
throw them in and whip these fellows in the end

906
01:48:23,159 --> 01:48:30,559
Sheridan wasn't entirely wrong the Confederates 
would face defeat and the city fell to the union

907
01:48:30,560 --> 01:48:36,080
and what seems to be a pattern of recent this 
would prove to be the bloodiest battle ever fought

908
01:48:36,079 --> 01:48:42,519
in the shed andoa Valley with Sheridan losing 
over 10% of his entire Army in the hard-fought

909
01:48:42,520 --> 01:48:49,680
victory the Confederates would lose roughly 4,000 
scarcely less than the much larger Union force

910
01:48:49,680 --> 01:48:58,680
they had faced yet Sheridan was wasn't done with 
jubil early in fact he still wanted him out of

911
01:48:58,680 --> 01:49:06,920
the shenendoa entirely after the battle of third 
Winchester early had worked to withdraw back to

912
01:49:06,920 --> 01:49:14,239
Fisher's Hill which he believed would provide 
safety for his absolutely rattled troops known

913
01:49:14,239 --> 01:49:22,199
as the Gibralter of the valley the hill could be a 
crucial grounds to hold if properly defended early

914
01:49:22,199 --> 01:49:29,159
however was unable to even set up proper defenses 
before Sheridan and his army arrived on their

915
01:49:29,159 --> 01:49:38,039
heels General crook sent off by Sheridan ambushed 
jubil early and his men on their Left Flank while

916
01:49:38,039 --> 01:49:44,760
the other Union forces served as a distraction 
the Confederates despite their best efforts were

917
01:49:44,760 --> 01:49:52,199
forced to retreat yet again being chased until 
Woodstock the following months would see the union

918
01:49:52,199 --> 01:49:59,800
Ina the burning to downright destroy the Bread 
Basket of the Confederacy and eventually wrestle

919
01:49:59,800 --> 01:50:07,920
the whole of the shenendoa Valley from the south 
alt together the union was looking more and more

920
01:50:07,920 --> 01:50:16,840
Grim for the rebels over in the union it appeared 
that the war was as close as ever to ending in the

921
01:50:16,840 --> 01:50:23,239
previous months it had been General Robert E Le's 
belief that if he and his Confederates could hold

922
01:50:23,239 --> 01:50:30,199
off for just long enough the war exhausted and 
dissatisfied Northerners would choose to elect a

923
01:50:30,199 --> 01:50:39,279
southern sympathizing president in their upcoming 
election this never came to fruition however the

924
01:50:39,279 --> 01:50:44,880
election had come down to a Faceoff between the 
Republican incumbent President Abraham Lincoln

925
01:50:44,880 --> 01:50:52,920
of course and his old wishy-washy General George 
mclen of the democratic party President Lincoln

926
01:50:52,920 --> 01:51:00,000
and his VP Andrew Johnson would win in an 
electoral college Landslide though the popular

927
01:51:00,000 --> 01:51:06,840
vote wasn't embarrassingly far off between the 
two candidates the electoral votes divided up to

928
01:51:06,840 --> 01:51:15,600
212 votes for the commanderin-chief and 21 for his 
Challenger if Lee had any hopes left of the Union

929
01:51:15,600 --> 01:51:23,480
government ending the war favorably for both sides 
they must have been like a dying Flame rubbing

930
01:51:23,479 --> 01:51:31,279
salt into the wound in November General Sherman 
of the north began his March to the Sea after

931
01:51:31,279 --> 01:51:37,960
the fall of Atlanta and the subsequent Confederate 
Retreat Sherman decided to really Hammer home his

932
01:51:37,960 --> 01:51:46,079
Triumph splitting his army in two Sherman himself 
took one portion 62,000 strong on a journey

933
01:51:46,079 --> 01:51:52,519
through the state of Georgia until they reached 
Savannah with a sole goal of wreaking havoc

934
01:51:53,479 --> 01:51:59,439
the Northerners on one hand began to destroy 
Confederate infrastructure and Necessities

935
01:51:59,439 --> 01:52:06,599
such as Farms railroads and the like at the same 
time while Sherman ordered his men to refrain from

936
01:52:06,600 --> 01:52:14,640
murdering any Southern civilians he also wanted to 
make their lives absolutely miserable the thought

937
01:52:14,640 --> 01:52:21,000
process was that if the rebels lost Mass amounts 
of infrastructure and material as well as the

938
01:52:21,000 --> 01:52:26,279
support of their Everyday People people their 
war effort would collapse and the union would

939
01:52:26,279 --> 01:52:35,880
officially win once and for all thus the yanes did 
just that as they marched towards the Savannah for

940
01:52:35,880 --> 01:52:43,119
the most part no one Disturbed their destruction 
effort though at one point Sherman and his army

941
01:52:43,119 --> 01:52:50,439
skirmished with a wildly outnumbered Confederate 
Cavalry that ended up having to flee alt together

942
01:52:50,439 --> 01:52:57,239
they too ironically took a scorched Earth approach 
on their March ahead of the Union men Burning

943
01:52:57,239 --> 01:53:04,599
Bridges Barns and anything the Northerners could 
have used to their advantage the latter still

944
01:53:04,600 --> 01:53:11,600
reached Savannah as planned and took the city 
presenting it to the newly reelected president

945
01:53:11,600 --> 01:53:19,680
as an early and grandiose Christmas gift the end 
of the year also saw the battle move to Tennessee

946
01:53:19,680 --> 01:53:27,039
where the southerners were crushed at the Battle 
of Nashville and as the holidays passed 1864 wound

947
01:53:27,039 --> 01:53:35,159
to a close as the war still failed to be resolved 
though the South appeared to be losing Steam and

948
01:53:35,159 --> 01:53:42,960
the north quite the contrary the Confederates were 
yet to consider surrender it would be difficult

949
01:53:42,960 --> 01:53:53,079
but not impossible to carry on and so they would 
fittingly as if to come full circle the focus of

950
01:53:53,079 --> 01:54:01,960
the war now lay on the Carolinas where it all 
began the union brought the battle to North

951
01:54:01,960 --> 01:54:09,600
Carolina in the early days of 1865 with a second 
assault on the crucial Confederate stronghold of

952
01:54:09,600 --> 01:54:15,480
Fort fiser a few months prior the North had 
actually attempted to take the North Carolina

953
01:54:15,479 --> 01:54:23,399
Port but It ultimately failed and thus decided 
to try again in January for before this endeavor

954
01:54:23,399 --> 01:54:29,920
to seize the South's only remaining sea port on 
the Atlantic Major General Alfred Terry was put

955
01:54:29,920 --> 01:54:36,600
in charge of the army of the James portion of the 
campaign while rear Admiral David D Porter led a

956
01:54:36,600 --> 01:54:44,000
Navy Marine force of roughly five dozen vessels 
and their troops the land troops would be split

957
01:54:44,000 --> 01:54:51,399
into two portions one US colored Troops commanded 
by Brigadier General Charles J Payne and the other

958
01:54:51,399 --> 01:54:58,479
division teaming up with the Marines and sailors 
under Brigadier General adelbert Ames the latter

959
01:54:58,479 --> 01:55:04,919
would hit the fort itself while the former aims 
to take out the Confederate Defenders under Major

960
01:55:04,920 --> 01:55:13,480
General Robert hul the incursion went remarkably 
smoothly Hox scarcely put up any real resistance

961
01:55:13,479 --> 01:55:20,759
and though fighting over the fort itself proved 
rough the Yankees found victory that same evening

962
01:55:20,760 --> 01:55:27,720
this was not only a military Triumph but also 
a major win for Grant's strategy of a war of

963
01:55:27,720 --> 01:55:35,680
attrition and it was just the start of the Union's 
harassment of the Carolinas General Sherman was on

964
01:55:35,680 --> 01:55:44,960
his way a month after the hit on North Carolina 
Sherman invaded its lower neighbor the target was

965
01:55:44,960 --> 01:55:52,399
Colombia and the goal was actually an utter 
Rampage through the already evacuated City

966
01:55:52,399 --> 01:55:58,159
a drunken soldier with a musket in one hand and 
a match in the other is not a pleasant visitor to

967
01:55:58,159 --> 01:56:05,039
have about the house on a dark windy night one 
Union general remarked of the sack between the

968
01:56:05,039 --> 01:56:11,680
destruction dished out by the soldiers themselves 
and raging fires that no one quite knows who

969
01:56:11,680 --> 01:56:19,520
actually started the city was over half leveled by 
the end of it all in the words of Sherman himself

970
01:56:19,520 --> 01:56:26,040
though I never ordered it and never wished it I 
have never shed any tears over the event because

971
01:56:26,039 --> 01:56:34,920
I believe that it hastened what we all fought for 
the end of the war back up north only days later

972
01:56:34,920 --> 01:56:41,680
the Confederates faced another disaster the union 
capture of Fort fiser and the later evacuation of

973
01:56:41,680 --> 01:56:48,000
Fort Anderson on the Cape Fear River meant that 
the Yankees had a pretty easy shot at moving all

974
01:56:48,000 --> 01:56:55,560
the way down to seiz Wilmington and rendevu 
with Sherman and his men General hul on the

975
01:56:55,560 --> 01:57:01,960
other hand was aiming to set up a strong defense 
over Wilmington while waiting for reinforcements

976
01:57:01,960 --> 01:57:09,520
under Lieutenant General William J Hardy to 
arrive Ho's early defense would be impressive

977
01:57:09,520 --> 01:57:16,760
even earning him the nickname of the ston wall of 
Forks Road nevertheless inferior numbers forc the

978
01:57:16,760 --> 01:57:24,920
rebels to tactically withdraw from Sugarloaf and 
move their defensive lines to Forks Road Hox sent

979
01:57:24,920 --> 01:57:31,640
word to Hardy that he believed they could in fact 
keep the Union forces out of Wilmington upon his

980
01:57:31,640 --> 01:57:40,480
arrival but Hardy would never arrive after all 
in fact it was General braxon Bragg's authority

981
01:57:40,479 --> 01:57:48,000
to the former who ordered Hardy not to go to 
Wilmington and stunningly despite hoa's continued

982
01:57:48,000 --> 01:57:54,800
successful efforts to repel Union attacks at Forks 
Road mags then ordered the tenacious General and

983
01:57:54,800 --> 01:58:04,320
his thousands of seasoned veterans to abandon 
Wilmington altogether and so they did back home

984
01:58:04,319 --> 01:58:11,920
in the Union as the war raged on down south the 
second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln took place

985
01:58:11,920 --> 01:58:21,359
on March 4th 1865 as eager Northerners flooded 
DC in the face of incessant rain and ridiculously

986
01:58:21,359 --> 01:58:27,719
muddy roads to witness the historic event one 
would almost fail to believe that the general

987
01:58:27,720 --> 01:58:34,680
satisfaction in President Lincoln had actually 
suffered greatly at times throughout the war

988
01:58:34,680 --> 01:58:41,840
even among the cheering crowds however there still 
stood those who refused to see the good in their

989
01:58:41,840 --> 01:58:52,400
leader one such man in particular was John wils 
Booth the president's future assassin although

990
01:58:52,399 --> 01:58:58,639
would not act now it is said that he later made 
remarks about how close he was to Lincoln and how

991
01:58:58,640 --> 01:59:05,079
easily he could have killed him at that moment 
furthermore underscoring the state of tensions

992
01:59:05,079 --> 01:59:11,319
in the north despite the president's successful 
reelection famed abolitionist and freed slave

993
01:59:11,319 --> 01:59:18,479
Frederick Douglas stated of the inauguration 
I felt then that there was murder in the air

994
01:59:18,479 --> 01:59:27,039
I felt that I might see him fall that day it 
was a vague presentiment but Abraham Lincoln

995
01:59:27,039 --> 01:59:33,720
would not fall that day and the inauguration 
went on steadily enough as the president gave

996
01:59:33,720 --> 01:59:41,960
a powerful speech to eager citizens hanging on to 
his every word it marked a day of Celebration and

997
01:59:41,960 --> 01:59:50,600
hope which would days later be starkly contrasted 
to the mood of the South as General Sherman took

998
01:59:50,600 --> 01:59:58,240
yet another one of his cities the paper said 
Sherman and his army were struggling through

999
01:59:58,239 --> 02:00:03,519
the swamps in the Carolinas and it was greatly 
feared that the Confederates would get together

1000
02:00:03,520 --> 02:00:09,280
and do them up before they could get to Coast 
what a lot of faint Hearts they must be down

1001
02:00:09,279 --> 02:00:15,519
there in New York the words of Theodore Upson 
demonstrated the Steep irony of the worried

1002
02:00:15,520 --> 02:00:21,960
Northerners who had no idea of the scorched 
Earth Rampage Sherman and his men had been on

1003
02:00:22,520 --> 02:00:29,560
taking and burning towns to the ground the general 
and his army were far from struggling and not only

1004
02:00:29,560 --> 02:00:35,280
were the Confederates failing to get together 
and defeat the Yankees but the rebels were

1005
02:00:35,279 --> 02:00:43,880
instead evacuating City by city as Sherman would 
near and the next of these towns to fall to the

1006
02:00:43,880 --> 02:00:52,159
union would be fville as North Carolina continues 
to be battered by the Northerners finally though

1007
02:00:52,159 --> 02:00:58,159
Sherman would face significant resistance as 
he attempted to lead his men out of fville

1008
02:00:58,159 --> 02:01:06,159
toward Bentonville the southerners in spite of 
it all still weren't ready to throw in the towel

1009
02:01:06,159 --> 02:01:12,239
assume command of the army of Tennessee and all 
troops in Department of South Carolina Georgia

1010
02:01:12,239 --> 02:01:20,319
and Florida concentrate all available forces and 
drive back Sherman these were General Lee's words

1011
02:01:20,319 --> 02:01:26,719
to General Joseph E Johnston whom he'd recently 
convinced President Jefferson Davis to approve

1012
02:01:26,720 --> 02:01:33,360
as the replacement for General PGT borgard who 
had thus far failed to impress the Confederate

1013
02:01:33,359 --> 02:01:40,479
commanderin-chief as Sherman was inching closer 
and closer to meeting up with General Grant Lee

1014
02:01:40,479 --> 02:01:49,359
knew that something had to be done and Sherman 
knew something was coming on the one hand with the

1015
02:01:49,359 --> 02:01:56,599
Yankees divided into two thir 3,000 strong groups 
under orders to keep a close eye out for incoming

1016
02:01:56,600 --> 02:02:04,720
Confederates those Rebels they spoke of were not 
yet United either General Hardy had just arrived

1017
02:02:04,720 --> 02:02:10,640
at Raleigh after a small Skirmish at fville while 
the hesitant to participate in what he saw as a

1018
02:02:10,640 --> 02:02:18,360
lost cause General Johnston was still on his 
way to join his comrade I can whip Joe Johnston

1019
02:02:18,359 --> 02:02:24,399
Sherman had confidently asserted as he and his 
men marched to W Goldsboro under the shadow of the

1020
02:02:24,399 --> 02:02:31,839
impending attack but as more Confederate troops 
came near it didn't seem quite so clear that the

1021
02:02:31,840 --> 02:02:39,720
Northerners would in fact whip their adversaries 
when the battle actually began the Confederates

1022
02:02:39,720 --> 02:02:45,640
did take an early Advantage it wasn't until the 
union managed to get off their Counterattack that

1023
02:02:45,640 --> 02:02:51,840
the tidde changed and the Yankee reinforcements 
pushed Johnston and his troops into a withdrawal

1024
02:02:52,560 --> 02:02:59,039
I can do no more than annoy him Johnston told 
Lee of the man who had been all too prepared to

1025
02:02:59,039 --> 02:03:07,199
win from the start Sherman couldn't be stopped 
now nor could the union and the South knew it

1026
02:03:07,199 --> 02:03:13,239
it would only be a matter of weeks before 
no one was left in denial the Confederate

1027
02:03:13,239 --> 02:03:22,079
flame was dying like a match scarcely shielded 
from a swift gust of icy wind Lee knew it John

1028
02:03:22,079 --> 02:03:31,239
knew it they all did and yet they weren't ready 
to give up not yet General Lee and General John

1029
02:03:31,239 --> 02:03:38,840
B Gordon in particular couldn't let go just yet 
instead they opted to embark on what would become

1030
02:03:38,840 --> 02:03:46,640
known as Lee's last offensive as the struggle was 
closing in on Petersburg Virginia at the end of

1031
02:03:46,640 --> 02:03:55,640
March Lee and Gordon concocted a daring plan with 
the aim of seizing Union controlled Fort Stedman

1032
02:03:55,640 --> 02:04:02,200
with generals William Wallace James Walker 
and Robert ransome Gordon awaited the perfect

1033
02:04:02,199 --> 02:04:09,599
second to launch his ingenious Ambush one of the 
General's Sharpshooters Oscar Whitaker describes

1034
02:04:09,600 --> 02:04:15,920
the waiting period thus General Gordon got us to 
close up around him that night while he stood on

1035
02:04:15,920 --> 02:04:22,800
a stump and told us how Lee was situated what a 
long line we were having to keep up in front of

1036
02:04:22,800 --> 02:04:29,840
us he said was Fort Stedman he told us if we would 
take it he would have our names in every paper in

1037
02:04:29,840 --> 02:04:37,239
the south of course we being old Soldiers told 
him he would do it he told us for not a man to

1038
02:04:37,239 --> 02:04:44,639
load his gun and at a signal from him to rush 
over to the Fort knock down and drag out and he

1039
02:04:44,640 --> 02:04:51,640
would have 50,000 troops in behind us the troops 
next did their best Shakespearean performance

1040
02:04:52,319 --> 02:04:57,880
sending out a group of armed soldiers to the 
federal picket line to feain desertion as their

1041
02:04:57,880 --> 02:05:06,119
Commander convincingly shouted oh boys come back 
don't go the next sounds to be heard were that of

1042
02:05:06,119 --> 02:05:15,319
gunfire at hands toand combat with a three- shot 
signal from Gordon's revolver the battle was on

1043
02:05:15,319 --> 02:05:21,759
daylight was yet to break as the Confederates 
launched themselves into action in a formation

1044
02:05:21,760 --> 02:05:27,960
with Pioneer detachments leading Columns of 
Sharpshooters followed by infantry the southerners

1045
02:05:27,960 --> 02:05:33,920
moved forward the deception tactic continued 
as Gordon's commanders had already learned the

1046
02:05:33,920 --> 02:05:40,800
identity of the fort's officers so they could pass 
as more Confederate deserters or even fellow Union

1047
02:05:40,800 --> 02:05:47,720
troops who were simply falling back while the 
chaos erupted under the early morning Darkness

1048
02:05:47,720 --> 02:05:54,400
the rebels focused on their targets battery 10 
for General General Walker and batteries 11 and

1049
02:05:54,399 --> 02:06:02,319
12 for General Evans furthermore a Cavalry Force 
stayed position to join the scuffle once the union

1050
02:06:02,319 --> 02:06:10,159
obstacles were dealt with truly rounding out the 
southern assault for the union men of the fort

1051
02:06:10,159 --> 02:06:17,439
nothing made sense Slumber card games and what 
it seems to be a typical night on guard were

1052
02:06:17,439 --> 02:06:24,000
interrupted by gunfire cheering Southerners as 
batteries were beaten and the unexpected presence

1053
02:06:24,000 --> 02:06:31,279
of Rebel Sharpshooters right in their faces 
eventually the fort opened fire with cannons but

1054
02:06:31,279 --> 02:06:38,359
the Confederates under Captain Carson managed to 
escape the line of fire unscathed the captain then

1055
02:06:38,359 --> 02:06:44,199
ordered men to put a bullet through any Yankee in 
sight and it wouldn't take long for northerners

1056
02:06:44,199 --> 02:06:51,840
to begin to surrender still two entire Union 
regiments were yet to even realize that the Amber

1057
02:06:51,840 --> 02:06:58,000
was underway until they themselves were 
bombarded by the Invaders any chance of

1058
02:06:58,000 --> 02:07:04,159
the Yankees putting up any relevant defensive 
seemed nearly non-existent by now and a brave

1059
02:07:04,159 --> 02:07:09,760
yet insufficient effort to retake what they were 
losing under brette Brigadier General Napoleon

1060
02:07:09,760 --> 02:07:15,760
McLaughlin crumbled in an instant as general 
Gordon waltzed into the fort to personally

1061
02:07:15,760 --> 02:07:23,480
relieve McLaughlin of his command claiming at this 
point that his men's success had thus far exceeded

1062
02:07:23,479 --> 02:07:32,399
his own expectations if the South needed a morale 
booster they were getting it now after taking Fort

1063
02:07:32,399 --> 02:07:38,960
Stedman the Confederates turned their sights 
on the nearby Fort Haskell and Fort mcgilvery

1064
02:07:38,960 --> 02:07:43,800
the first thing the boys knew they were firing 
down our line from the right to the left of the

1065
02:07:43,800 --> 02:07:49,400
regiment one northerner recall to the next Advance 
the boys were asleep in their bunks at the first

1066
02:07:49,399 --> 02:07:57,000
volley but grabbed guns and CAU boxes not even 
stopping to dress some were barefooted some only

1067
02:07:57,000 --> 02:08:03,279
with shirts and pants on the regiment had been 
practically cut in two the right took shelter

1068
02:08:03,279 --> 02:08:11,039
in the rear in some old rifle pits while C B&G 
ran into Fort Haskell he continued unfortunately

1069
02:08:11,039 --> 02:08:16,720
for General Gordon however the Defenders of this 
fort had actually been alerted of the approaching

1070
02:08:16,720 --> 02:08:24,560
Army and the rebels proved unable to push past the 
subsequent gunfire as they arrived the Confederate

1071
02:08:24,560 --> 02:08:30,800
forces elsewhere were also meeting some resistance 
now as the element of surprise no longer aided

1072
02:08:30,800 --> 02:08:38,039
them but alas the Yankees were still struggling to 
stay upright the attackers were inches away from

1073
02:08:38,039 --> 02:08:44,279
a total Victory as day broke and the union men 
voled to keep them out of additional Forts and

1074
02:08:44,279 --> 02:08:51,159
City Point Confederates attempting to take Fort 
mcgilvery were captured others were hammered with

1075
02:08:51,159 --> 02:08:59,639
Union fire General Gordon was growing exacerbated 
what had happened to his spectacular assault the

1076
02:08:59,640 --> 02:09:07,560
southerners were now not only grasping to regain 
the upper hand but they were trapped they still

1077
02:09:07,560 --> 02:09:13,840
held Fort stemman but Forts mcgilvery and 
Haskell remained in Union hands as did the

1078
02:09:13,840 --> 02:09:21,360
land surrounding Fort stman meaning the rebels 
had nowhere to even go without a surrender

1079
02:09:23,079 --> 02:09:29,359
running out of ammunition and opportunity 
General Gordon made The Reluctant call to

1080
02:09:29,359 --> 02:09:36,559
attempt a retreat a place of fearful Slaughter 
the retreat was called as the Yankees drilled the

1081
02:09:36,560 --> 02:09:43,160
fleeing Confederates with artillery and gunfire 
the victims had ceased fighting and were now

1082
02:09:43,159 --> 02:09:51,479
struggling between imprisonment on the one hand 
and death or home on the other 2,600 of those

1083
02:09:51,479 --> 02:09:58,119
victims Southerners wouldn't make it home 
the utterly heart-shattering loss for the

1084
02:09:58,119 --> 02:10:02,840
Confederates at Fort stemman would be quickly 
followed by another defeat at the Battle of

1085
02:10:02,840 --> 02:10:10,400
Five Forks by this point General Lee was beginning 
to accept the fate of his efforts seeing no hope

1086
02:10:10,399 --> 02:10:17,479
left of holding off the North Lee decided it was 
finally time to abandon Petersburg and Richmond

1087
02:10:17,479 --> 02:10:24,239
letting both crucial cities fall to the Union 
in a monument mental blow to what was left of

1088
02:10:24,239 --> 02:10:33,920
the Confederate resistance the war was dwindling 
to a close but the biggest hit was Yet to Come

1089
02:10:33,920 --> 02:10:39,480
April 9th would see the worst of it all for 
the Confederates the next few hours would Mark

1090
02:10:39,479 --> 02:10:47,799
possibly the biggest Fall From Grace of the entire 
War as Lee and his men withdrew from the besieged

1091
02:10:47,800 --> 02:10:54,199
cities of Petersburg and Richmond their journey 
to toward North Carolina and their fellow troops

1092
02:10:54,199 --> 02:11:02,239
under Johnston took them in the direction of appam 
matic's Courthouse with Yankees hot on their tail

1093
02:11:02,239 --> 02:11:08,319
many Rebels were simply giving up and deserting 
while few were left with any eagerness or real

1094
02:11:08,319 --> 02:11:14,840
hope Lee was becoming increasingly surrounded 
as the union closed in on the biggest thorn in

1095
02:11:14,840 --> 02:11:24,400
their side for the past few years armed conflict 
erupted once more more though stunningly at the

1096
02:11:24,399 --> 02:11:31,039
Confederate initiative the unshakable and 
rather ambitious General Gordon wanted to

1097
02:11:31,039 --> 02:11:39,199
try yet another offensive triggering a battle at 
aamax Courthouse Gordon's plan just as at Fort

1098
02:11:39,199 --> 02:11:45,639
Stedman started with Great Southern favor but 
the tide eventually turned and the exacerbated

1099
02:11:45,640 --> 02:11:53,200
Lee knew that there was no coming back from this 
point beaten exhausted and and out of options Lee

1100
02:11:53,199 --> 02:11:59,840
said there is nothing left for me to do but to 
go and see General Grant and I would rather die

1101
02:11:59,840 --> 02:12:08,000
a thousand deaths unfortunately for Lee and his 
wish for death over surrender the ladder was the

1102
02:12:08,000 --> 02:12:16,079
only plausible option for his army of Northern 
Virginia thus Lee sent word to grant that it was

1103
02:12:16,079 --> 02:12:24,559
time to come to the table at 1:00 in the home of 
Wilmer McLean the two great generals of the Civil

1104
02:12:24,560 --> 02:12:31,560
War were now face to face the meeting began with 
an odd exchange of small talk between the men who

1105
02:12:31,560 --> 02:12:37,240
had scarcely known each other prior with their 
only real interaction having come from during

1106
02:12:37,239 --> 02:12:44,479
the Mexican American War the interaction quickly 
evolved into surrender negotiations during which

1107
02:12:44,479 --> 02:12:51,119
Grant was quite generous in offering out Pardons 
and even Union rations for the starving Rebels

1108
02:12:51,680 --> 02:12:59,800
Lee would soon accept the set out terms and the 
surrender was concluded Grant had finally bested

1109
02:12:59,800 --> 02:13:06,880
his Southern counterpart but when his men began 
to cheer in celebration he silenced all those

1110
02:13:06,880 --> 02:13:16,680
celebrating in the face of Lee the war is over 
the rebels are our countrymen again the war as

1111
02:13:16,680 --> 02:13:23,840
granted said was over at least for the most part 
smallscale battles would continue through April

1112
02:13:23,840 --> 02:13:31,239
into may but none more than last ditch efforts 
by rebels in denial General Johnston and his

1113
02:13:31,239 --> 02:13:37,719
troops would surrender on April 26th General 
Richard Taylor on May 4th and the last major

1114
02:13:37,720 --> 02:13:44,640
Army under General Simon bivar Buckner on May 
26th after the final battle and Confederate

1115
02:13:44,640 --> 02:13:53,320
win on the 12th in palmo Ranch Texas When The 
War ended the United States of America were no

1116
02:13:53,319 --> 02:14:00,880
longer referred to as a plural unit people went 
from saying the United States are to the United

1117
02:14:00,880 --> 02:14:09,000
States is though reconstruction and healing 
would take time it would work out but even if

1118
02:14:09,000 --> 02:14:16,000
in the end there was unity and more strength than 
ever before there was also a Monumental amount of

1119
02:14:16,000 --> 02:14:26,800
money and lives that have been lost this bloody 
war in US history costing $6.7 billion saw the

1120
02:14:26,800 --> 02:14:38,760
death of 290,000 rebels 365,000 Yankees 50,000 
civilians and 880,000 slaves it was the first

1121
02:14:38,760 --> 02:14:45,800
modern war in terms of its upgraded weaponry and 
Technology adjacent to the scale of Destruction

1122
02:14:45,800 --> 02:14:54,480
and the conflict itself in the end the side of 
emancipation unity and industrialization among

1123
02:14:54,479 --> 02:15:06,199
much more one America survived though hundreds of 
thousands of its men women and children did Not

1124
02:15:06,199 --> 02:15:12,519
Looking Back Now the Civil War can be viewed as a 
senseless period of violence that could have been

1125
02:15:12,520 --> 02:15:21,440
solved instead by words and policies for others 
it's viewed as a moral war between good and bad

1126
02:15:21,439 --> 02:15:29,519
or Freedom versus slavery the real meaning and 
necessity of the conflict May forever be up for

1127
02:15:29,520 --> 02:15:40,760
debate but today if you ask anyone outside the 
United States every American is a Yankee thank

1128
02:15:40,760 --> 02:15:46,159
you for watching our video you can get early 
access to all of our videos plus exclusive

1129
02:15:46,159 --> 02:15:51,559
content we are building just for our members here 
on YouTube and on patreon check out out the links

1130
02:15:51,560 --> 02:16:06,640
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